治理诉求、地区认同与区域组织的差异化变革

Governance Demands,Regional Identity,and the Differentiated Changes of Regional Organizations

建立区域组织日益成为域内各成员方开展区域治理和有效合作的重要方式。随着合作进程的深入,区域组织和域内各成员方面临的治理议题也更加复杂多样,严重影响了区域组织的治理表现。面对涉及多个领域的多元治理议题,区域组织往往会以发展变革的方式提升其治理效果,但发展方向和变革路径不尽相同。区域组织的权威层级和权威范围可以作为区分该组织变革类型的主要指标。在多元治理议题的冲击下,区域组织往往会发展为外溢型组织或环溢型组织。治理诉求是区域组织拓展其权威范围的主要推动力,地区认同则是区域组织提升其权威层级的根本动力。海上航行安全问题推动了北极理事会的变革,促使该组织发展成为外溢型区域组织。应对恐怖主义议题则推动亚太经合组织历经变革并发展为环溢型区域组织。为维持治理效果和自身地位,区域组织在多元议题的冲击下通过组织变革提升了自身在范围和层级两方面的权威。只有在区域组织的变革发展与成员方利益充分对接的情况下,各成员方才会对该组织产生足够的地区认同进而对其让渡权力,实现其提升权威层级的目标。

Establishing regional organizations has increasingly become an important way for members within the region to carry out regional governance and effective cooperation.With the deepening of cooperation,the governance issues faced by regional organizations and members within the region have become increasingly complex and diverse,affecting the governance performance of regional organizations.Faced with diverse governance issues involving multiple fields,regional organizations will enhance governance effectiveness through corresponding changes,but the path and direction of changes are not entirely the same.The level of authority and the scope of authority of regional organizations can be used as the main indicators to distinguish their types of changes.Under the impact of diverse governance issues,regional organizations will generally develop into spillover organizations and spill-around organizations.Governance demands are the main driving force for expanding the scope of authority by regional organizations,while regional identity is the fundamental power for enhancing the level of authority by regional organizations.Maritime navigation safety issues drive the transformation of the Arctic Council,promoting its development into a spillover-type regional organization.Addressing terrorist issues promotes the transformation of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation into a spill-around regional organization through reform practices.To maintain governance effectiveness and their own status,regional organizations will enhance their authority in both scope and level through organizational change,responding to the impact of diverse issues.In addition,when the change and development of regional organizations are fully aligned with the interests of their members,all members will develop sufficient regional identity with the organization and transfer power,thereby achieving the goal of elevating the level of authority of the regional organization.