玉米条带摆管式撒肥装置设计及试验

Design and experiment of corn strip swing tube fertilizer spreader

为提高玉米中耕施肥的肥料利用率及撒肥均匀性,设计一种基于无急回特性曲柄摇杆机构控制的摆管撒肥装置,通过理论分析分别确定了四杆机构尺寸及影响撒肥均匀性的主要参数。利用离散元软件EDEM模拟了摆管的摆动撒肥过程,并设计了二因素五水平二次通用旋转组合试验,分析摆管摆频、摆管倾角变化对横、纵撒肥均匀性变异系数的影响。对试验结果优化得出摆管摆频在1.21~1.5 Hz范围内,摆管倾角在36°~59°范围内时,横、纵向均匀性变异系数小于20%。在最优参数组合下进行样机试制及台架试验验证,台架试验与仿真试验的相对误差分别为1.44%、3.13%,试验结果与仿真结果一致,证明摆管撒肥装置可实现精控均匀撒肥,该研究可为摆管撒肥装置的设计提供理论参考。

In order to improve the fertilizer utilization rate and uniformity of fertilizer spreading in maize mid-tillage applications,a swing tube fertilizer spreading device controlled by a crank rocker mechanism without sharp return characteristics was designed.Through theoretical analysis,the dimensions of the fourbar mechanism and the main parameters affecting the uniformity of the fertilizer spreading were determined separately.The oscillating fertilizer spreading process of the swing tube was simulated using the discrete element software EDEM,and a two-factor five-level quadratic generalized rotational combination test was designed to analyze the effect of changes in swing frequency and swing tube inclination on the coefficient of variation of the uniformity of transverse and longitudinal fertilizer spreading.By optimizing the test results,the coefficient of variation of transverse and longitudinal uniformity is less than 20% when the swing frequency is in the range of 1.21~1.5 Hz,and the swing tube inclination is in the range of 36°~59°.The prototype and bench test were carried out with the optimal combination of parameters,and the relative errors of the bench test and the simulation test are 1.44% and 3.13%,respectively.The test results are consistent with the simulation results,proving that the swing tube fertilizer spreading device can achieve the purpose of precise and uniform fertilizer spreading.