合作型正义:逻辑、谱系与进路——以重罪案件适用认罪认罚从宽程序为视角

The Logic,Genealogy and Approach of Consensual Justice:A Perspective on The Application of the Plea Leniency System in Felony

合作型司法作为全球刑事司法新范式,需控制在公平正义的范畴内,但这超出了传统程序正义的射程,需要转换参照系以提供新的智识支撑。合作型司法的正义向度在于以合作发现隐性真实,所基于的是不断被动态矫正的分配正义和满足公民理性利益的刑罚观。作为中国语境下的合作型司法,认罪认罚从宽制度具有权利本位的基本特征。其正义的谱系应以递进方式展开,体现在合作前的处分任意性、合作中的证据“裁判”以及对利益后果的确认。认罪认罚从宽制度的纠偏与正义化改良宜从重罪案件的适用困境突围,寻求价值目标的多极化控制,强化检察主导下的平等合作与准入机制,以证据“裁判”统摄合意型事实的生成,并明确审判的救济性职能。

As a new paradigm of global criminal justice,consensual justice needs to be controlled within the scope of fairness and justice,but it goes beyond the range of traditional procedural justice and requires a shift in the frame of reference to provide a new intellectual support.The justice orientation of consensual justice lies in the discovery of hidden truths through cooperation,based on the dynamically corrected distributive justice and a view of punishment that satisfies the rational interests of citizens.As a consensual justice in the Chinese context,the plea leniency system has the basic feature of rights-based and the unique value of developing and guaranteeing the whole process of people's democracy,so it should pay special attention to the subject status of the prosecuted.The genealogy of justice should be developed in a progressive manner,which is reflected in the arbitrariness of punishment before consensus,the“adjudication”of evidence during consensus,and the confirmation of the consequences of interests.The correction and justification of the plea leniency system should break away from the dilemma of applying it to felony cases,seek multipolar control of value goals,strengthen the equal cooperation and access mechanism under prosecutorial leadership,unify the generation of consensual facts with evidentiary“adjudication”and clarify the remedial function of trials.At the same time,because confrontation and cooperation are indistinguishable,their joint interaction in the plea-bargaining process should be taken seriously.