基于下肢生物力学特性的膝关节变刚度护具设计

Design of knee joint variable stiffness protector based on lower limb biomechanical characteristics

针对全民健身运动人们对于可穿戴运动护具产品不断增长的使用需求,需解决现有预制型护具中存在的防护性能不足、运动穿戴匹配度低等问题。首先,采用逆向工程、服装压力计算理论等关键技术与方法对皮肤形变、护具压力等关键参数进行采集,定性与定量分析了人体运动过程中,下肢皮肤形变与曲率压力分布区域变化规律,并构建人体膝关节护具功能分区模型;其次,根据不同划分区域,完成了膝关节变刚度护具分区结构设计;然后,采用有限元仿真方法构建膝关节-护具有限元模型,对比分析多组护具穿戴条件下的接触压力分布规律;最后,结合护具穿戴压力与肌电采集实验,验证膝关节变刚度护具可以有效优化膝关节压力分布,提高穿戴贴合度和提升运动表现。

In order to meet the growing demand for wearable sports protective gear products in the context of national fitness movement and to address the problems of insufficient protective performance and low matching degree of sportswear in existing prefabricated protective gears,a new method was developed to analyze the skin deformation and curvature pressure distribution of the lower limbs during movement.First of all,key technologies and methods such as reverse engineering and clothing pressure calculation theory were employed to collect and qualitatively and quantitatively analyze key parameters like skin deformation and protective gear pressure during movement.This analysis revealed the regional pattern changes in lower limb skin deformation and curvature pressure distribution,leading to the construction of a functional zoning model for human knee joint protective gear.Secondly,the design of knee joint variable stiffness brace partition structure was completed according to different partition regions.The finite element simulation method was then used to construct a finite element model of the knee joint-guard,allowing for the comparative analysis of contact pressure distribution laws under various wearing conditions of multiple groups of guards.Finally,combined with the pressure and electromyography acquisition experiments of the guards,it was verified that the knee variable stiffness guards can optimize the pressure distribution of the knee joint,improve the wearing degree of fit,and enhance the athletic performance.