通用图形处理单元快速蒙特卡罗软件ARCHER-NM在个体化β放射性核素治疗剂量计算的可行性研究

Exploring the feasibility of GPU-based fast Monte Carlo software ARCHER-NM in calculating individualized doses of beta radiopharmaceutical therapy

目的:本研究旨在通过模拟实验验证基于通用图形处理单元(GPU)的快速蒙特卡罗(MC)剂量计算引擎ARCHER-NM用于放射性核素药物治疗个体化剂量计算的可行性和优势。方法:对比ARCHER-NM和MC软件GATE在核素点源水模体实验和放射性核素药物治疗(RPT)患者剂量计算的结果以验证ARCHER-NM计算的可信度与效率。点源水模体实验中考虑RPT常用核素67Cu、89Sr、90Y、131I、177Lu及188Re以验证ARCHER-NM对于不同放射性核素的泛用性。以密歇根大学177Lu-DOTATATE治疗患者公开数据集提供的2例患者数据为例进行RPT患者个体化剂量计算测试。采用Gamma通过率、剂量体积直方图(DVH)及器官平均剂量比较ARCHER-NM与GATE患者剂量计算结果的一致性,统计运算时间以评估MC计算的效率。结果:所有核素的水模体实验中ARCHER-NM与GATE平均剂量相对差异在-1.63%~2.29%范围内,差异绝对平均值1.15%,显示出良好的一致性。两例患者的剂量结果显示,ARCHER-NM与GATE的所有器官平均剂量百分误差均<4%。两例患者最大剂量3%等剂量线内2 mm/1%标准下Gamma通过率分别为98.8%和98.6%,此外,同样模拟5×109次衰变,在配置24 GB Nvidia Titan RTX的个人主机上ARCHER-NM仅需运行90 s,而在112个线程服务器上GATE仍需要9 h以上。结论:本研究通过水模体实验验证了ARCHER-NM剂量计算的准确性与泛用性,通过177Lu-DOTATATE患者器官剂量计算证实ARCHER-NM能够准确且快速地完成RPT患者个体化内照射剂量计算,对患者后续治疗用药剂量计划制定及肾脏等危及器官的保护具有积极意义。

Objective To verify the feasibility and advantages of ARCHER-NM,a GPU-based fast Monte Carlo(MC)dose calculation engine,in calculating individualized doses of radiopharmaceutical therapy(RPT)through simulation experiments.Methods The calculation reliability and efficiency of ARCHER-NM were verified by comparing its result with those of the MC software GATE in the water phantom experiments of radionuclide point sources and the dose calculations for RPT-treated patients.In the water phantom experiments,the generality of ARCHER-NM on different radionuclides was verified using common radionuclides like 67Cu,89Sr,90Y,131I,177Lu,and 188Re.The calculations of individualized doses for RPT-treated patients were tested based on the data of two patients from the University of Michigan's public dataset for 177Lu-DOTATATE-treated cases.Gamma passing rates,dose volume histograms(DVHs),and average organ doses were employed to assess the consistency of ARCHER-NM and GATE in patients'dose calculation result.The computing time was statistically analyzed to assess the efficiency of MC calculations.Results In the water phantom experiments for all radionuclides,the relative differences of average doses between ARCHER-NM and GATE ranged from-1.63%to 2.29%,with an average absolute difference of 1.15%,suggesting high consistency.As indicated by the dose result of the two patients,the average doses for all organs between ARCHER-NM and GATE exhibited percentage errors of below 4%.The gamma passing rates for the two patients were 98.8%and 98.6%,respectively,under the 2 mm/1%standard within the 3%maximum dose isodose line.The simulation of 5×109decay required 90 s for ARCHER-NM on a personal host configured with a 24 GB Nvidia Titan RTX,whereas GATE took over 9 h on a 112-thread server for the same simulation.Conclusions The water phantom experiments substantiate the accuracy and generality of ARCHER-NM for dose calculations.Based on the organ dose calculations of 177Lu-DOTATATE-treated patients,ARCHER-NM proves accurate and quick in calculating the individualized internal doses for RPT-treated patients.Therefore,ARCHER-NM plays a positive role in the dose planning of subsequent treatment and the protection of organs at risk including kidneys.