唐浩明《晚清三部曲》与历史小说中儒家士人形象的客观呈现

The Return and Presentation of Confucian Scholars in Tang Haoming's Late Qing Trilogy and Historical Novels

五四新文化运动以降,儒家文化遭到全面否定,文学史上的正面儒家形象几乎销声匿迹。进入20世纪80年代思想解放的新时期,唐浩明在历史小说《晚清三部曲》中塑造的一系列人物,为儒家士人形象的客观呈现拉开了序幕,这也是新时期文学走出极端化、标签化、简单化评价方式的具体表现。曾国藩、张之洞、杨度三位人物的人生历程都深受儒家文化的浸润,他们在“天下失序”的时代自觉担负起“救世”“卫道”的重任,坚守“天下归仁”“内圣外王”的价值理想,在内忧外患的乱世为儒家文化写下了浓墨重彩的篇章。面对传统的衰败、“君”与“道”的脱节、内忧外患的时局、西方强势文化的冲击等巨大变局,他们开始在固有视域之外探求一种“实业化”“商业化”的转型,为儒家式的终极关怀寻找新的载体。这种转型不但与现代性的社会发展趋势相一致,也为传统的延续、再生提供了契机。

Since the May Fourth new culture movement,confucian culture has been comprehensively criticized,and the positive image of confucianism in literary history has almost disappeared.In the new era of ideological liberation in the 1980s,Tang Haoming's portrayal of a series of characters in the historical novel The Late Qing Trilogy made important contributions to the objective presentation of confucian scholar images.The life journeys of Zeng Guofan,Zhang Zhidong,and Yang Du were deeply influenced by confucian culture.Faced with the huge changes such as the disconnect between Jun and Dao,internal and external troubles,and the impact of Western dominant culture,they began to explore a transformation.This transformation is not only in line with the trend of modern social development,but also provides an opportunity for the continuation and regeneration of tradition.