农村宅基地有偿使用改革:历史回顾、现实困境与优化路径

Paid Use Reform of Rural Homesteads:Historical Review,Current Dilemmas,and Optimization Paths

采用归纳演绎法、比较历史分析法和政策文本分析法等,梳理宅基地有偿使用改革历史理论逻辑并探索其现实困境,历史回顾发现,宅基地有偿使用改革正在向着更人性化、更公平和更符合农村实际情况的方向发展。目前“宅改”仍面临政策系统性不足,村集体权益面临观念性、法律性、人力资源性困境构成的综合性体制机制困局,潜存着权力寻租、贫富差距扩大、干群冲突等社会风险。“宅改”需破除上述三重困境,构建一套综合性的支持体系,强化政策间的耦合衔接性;建立“监督—评估—问责”三位一体机制;提升政策公平性和透明度;完善集体土地法规体系与加强基层激励约束体系建设;立法明确政府和集体在宅基地管理中的职责以及设定补贴制度。

This study employs methods including inductive-deductive reasoning,comparative historical analysis,and policy text analysis to scrutinize the theoretical logic and practical dilemmas of the Paid Use Reform of Rural Homesteads,providing strategic approaches for optimizing this reform.A historical review reveals that the reform is evolving towards a more humane,fairer,and rural reality-conformant direction.However,the current reform in China still confronts systematic deficiencies in policy,comprehensive institutional barriers composed of conceptual,legal,and human resource challenges towards Village Collective Rights,and social risk predicaments such as potential power rent-seeking,widening wealth gap,and conflicts between officials and the public.To overcome these three-fold challenges,the Paid Use Reform of Rural Homesteads necessitates the construction of a comprehensive support system that enhances the coupling and interconnection among policies;the establishment of'Supervision-Evaluation-Accountability'Tripartite Mechanism;the improvement of policy fairness and transparency;the perfection of the Collective Land Legal System and the strengthening of Grassroots Incentive and Constraint Systems Development.Moreover,legislation should clarify the responsibilities of the government and collectives in Homestead Management and set up certain subsidy systems.