掺气摇臂喷头喷灌的综合性能评价与配置优化

Comprehensive performance evaluation and configuration optimization of an aeration impact sprinkler in sprinkler irrigation

掺气摇臂喷头具备气液两相射流、低压喷灌性能好等特性。为得到20PY2型该喷头的最优参数配置,基于组合喷灌试验,通过主成分分析法进行综合评价与配置优化。配置参数为工作压力、掺气管伸缩量和组合间距倍数,评价指标为平均喷灌强度、组合喷灌均匀度、喷洒能耗等。结果表明:平均喷灌强度与组合喷灌均匀度、喷洒能耗呈正相关,与有效喷灌面积和水利用系数呈负相关,其中,相关性最强的指标为平均喷灌强度和组合喷灌均匀度;选择特征根分别为2.534、1.322的两个主成分,第一主成分受平均喷灌强度、组合喷灌均匀度和有效喷洒面积影响大,第二主成分受喷洒能耗影响大;掺气摇臂喷头应选择相对较高的工作压力;最优的参数配置方案:工作压力250 kPa、掺气管伸缩量2 cm和组合间距倍数1.1,为掺气摇臂喷头的田间应用提供指导。

An aeration impact sprinkler has the characteristics of gas-liquid two-phase jet and relatively excellent performance of sprinkler irrigation under low pressure.In order to obtain the optimal parameter configuration of 20PY2 sprinkler,the comprehensive evaluation and configuration optimization were carried out through the principal component analysis method based on the combination irrigation.The configuration parameters were the working pressure,the expansion of the gas suction pipe and the multiple of the combination distance,and the evaluation indexes were the average irrigation intensity,the uniformity of combination sprinkler irrigation,and spraying energy consumption.The results showed that the average irrigation intensity was positively correlated with the uniformity of combination irrigation and spraying energy consumption,and negatively correlated with the effective irrigation area and water utilization coefficient.Among them,the most closely correlated indexes were the average irrigation intensity and combination irrigation uniformity.Two principal components with characteristic roots of 2.534 and 1.322 were selected.The first principal component was greatly affected by average irrigation intensity,combination irrigation uniformity and effective spraying area and the second principal component was greatly affected by spraying energy consumption.Under low pressure sprinkler irrigation,aeration impact sprinkler should be chosen relatively higher working pressure.The optimal parameter configuration scheme is as follows:Working pressure by 250 kPa,the expansion of the gas suction pipe by 2 cm and combination spacing multiple by 1.1,which will provide guidance for field application of aeration impact sprinkler.