武术国际传播的四种形式论析

On the Four Forms of International Communication of Martial Arts

武术混淆式的国际传播给受众带来的困惑和迷茫造成的负面影响远远大于其正面作用。为了更好地促进中国武术在国际上的传播,通过分析其在不同方式和不同对象之间作用后产生的反应,提出具有全面性的措施和具有倾向性的具体方法。运用文献资料、专家访谈、实地考察等研究方法,对武术国际传播的形式进行系统全面的厘析,发现:武术国际传播具有相互关联却又形态各异的四种形式:竞技传播、传统传播、教育传播和演艺传播。四种形式既有不以人的意志为转移的客观性,又有人为产生的内在问题。在四种形式中,前二者属于传播武术本体及其文化,而在后二者中,武术作为传播形式出现,但其目的不是传播武术本身,而是通过武术的形式开展教育和演艺。通过清晰地了解武术国际传播四种形式的区别与联系,利于在复杂的国际传播环境中有的放矢的对待不同传播形式的传播者、传播内容、传播途径、传播对象等提供规范和准绳。

The confusion and perplexity caused by the mixed international communication of martial arts far out-weigh its positive effects on the audience.In order to better promote the international communication of Chinese martial arts,comprehensive measures and specific methods with inclination are proposed by analyzing the reac-tions generated by its interaction between different methods and objects.By using research methods such as litera-ture review,expert interviews,and field investigations,a systematic and comprehensive analysis was conducted on the forms of international communication of martial arts.It was found that there are four interrelated yet di-verse forms of international communication of martial arts:competitive communication,traditional communica-tion,educational communication,and performance communication.The four forms have both objectivity that is not subject to human will and inherent problems that are generated by humans.Among the four forms,the first two belong to the communication of the ontology and culture of martial arts,while in the latter two,martial arts appear as a form of communication,but its purpose is not to spread martial arts itself,but to carry out education and performance through the form of martial arts.Through a clear understanding of the differences and connec-tions between the four forms of international communication of martial arts,it is beneficial to provide norms and guidelines for the targeted treatment of communicators,communication contents,communication channels,and communication objects of different forms of communication in a complex international communication environ-ment.