磁光阱技术研究现状及发展趋势

Development Status and Trend of Magneto-optical Trap Technology

磁光阱(MOT)作为激光冷却和陷俘原子的主要手段,在现代原子物理领域有着广泛应用。通过一对反亥姆霍兹线圈形成的磁阱和六束对射正交激光形成的光阱,将原子的温度冷却到接近绝对零度,可在很大程度上抑制原子的多普勒效应与碰撞效应带来的影响。相比于以热原子为工作介质的精密测量仪器,利用MOT技术研制的冷原子钟、冷原子干涉仪、冷原子加速度计等在性能上有大幅提升。阐述了MOT的基本原理及关键技术,综述了国内外MOT技术发展现状以及近年来在MOT性能提升方面开展的相关研究工作,分析总结了MOT技术发展趋势,主要包括小型化与微型化、大通量与高装载率以及参数智能优化等方面。

Magneto-optical trap(MOT),as the main means of laser cooling and trapping of atoms,has been widely used in modern atomic physics.By means of a magnetic trap formed by a pair of anti-Helmholtz coils and a light trap formed by six orthogonal laser beams,the temperature of the atoms is cooled to near absolute zero Kelvin,which can inhibit the drawback of Doppler effect and collision effect of the atoms to a large extent.Compared with the traditional precision measuring instruments using hot atoms as the working medium,the performance of cold atomic clock,cold atom interferometer and cold atom accelerometer generated by MOT technology has been greatly improved.The basic principles and key technologies of MOT are described.The development status of MOT technology at home and abroad and the relevant research work carried out in recent years in the improvement of MOT performance are reviewed.The development trend of MOT technology is analyzed and summarized.The trend mainly includes miniaturization,high flux and loading rate,and intelligent parameter optimization.