抗战胜利前后经济学人的币制改革思想

The Currency Reform Ideas of Economists before and after the Victory of the War of Resistance against Japan

抗战爆发后,通货膨胀日益加剧,时人对法币的信心逐渐崩塌。国内外经济学者围绕通货膨胀、法币存续及币制改革问题,展开了激烈讨论,并从财政收支、发行数额、物价及汇价角度阐析了通胀根源,提出了虚金本位、外汇本位、商品本位等币制改革的多重方案。国民党政权最终采用毫无“本位”的金圆券币制,遭到海内外学者的强烈批判。文章依据当时报刊资料与经济评论,梳理经济学人的币制改革思想,可以从中管窥国民党政权失败诱因。

After the outbreak of the War of Resistance,inflation was increasing,and people’s faith in fiat currency gradually collapsed.Economists at home and abroad have carried out fierce discussions on inflation,the survival of fiat currency and the reform of currency system,and expounded on the root of inflation from the perspectives of fiscal revenue and expenditure,issue amount,prices and exchange rates,and put forward multiple schemes for the reform of currency system such as virtual gold standard,foreign exchange standard and commodity standard.The Kuomintang regime finally adopted the gold coin currency system without“standard”,which was strongly criticized by scholars at home and abroad.It is of certain academic significance to use newspaper materials and economic reviews at that time to sort out the economist’s thoughts on currency reform and to look into the failure of the Kuomintang regime.