上海市嘉定区中小学学生近视现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status and influencing factors of myopia among the primary and middle school students in Jiading District,Shanghai

【目的】分析探讨中小学生近视的影响因素,为日后科学使用电子产品、提高户外活动,进而为学生近视防控提供依据。【方法】采用分层整群抽样方法于2023年抽取上海市嘉定区4所学校,其中小学3~5年级、中学7~9年级全部学生作为调查对象进行问卷调查和屈光检查。数据分析组间比较选择χ^(2)检验,近视的影响因素分析采用logistic回归分析方法。【结果】辖区中小学生近视检出率为62.8%,小学生近视检出率为46.9%,中学生近视率为75.6%。logistic回归分析表明,初中(OR=3.639,95%CI=3.045~4.349,P<0.001)、女性(OR=1.278,95%CI=1.081~1.510,P=0.004)、课桌椅调换间隔>1学期(OR=1.227,95%CI=1.031~1.461,P=0.021)、一周里文化类补习班时长≥1 h(OR=1.285,95%CI=1.084~1.525,P=0.004)、家长减少孩子运动时间(OR=1.205,95%CI=1.009~1.440,P=0.040)、父母亲近视(OR=2.611,95%CI=2.157~3.160,P<0.001)等与辖区中小学生近视相关。【结论】上海市嘉定区学生近视检出率相对较高,应关注学校课桌椅调整、文化类课外补习班时长、电子屏幕时长等对学生视力的影响,以预防和减缓近视的发生和发展。

[Objective]To explore and analyze the influencing factors of myopia among the primary and middle school students,and to provide an evidence for the prevention and control of myopia in students through the combination of scientific use in electronic products and adherence improvement to outdoor activities.[Methods]Stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4 schools in Jiading District,in which all the students in grades 3‒5 of primary school and grades 7‒9 of middle school were enrolled into the study for a questionnaire survey and refraction examination.Theχ^(2) test was used to compare the data between the myopic and non-myopic group.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of myopia.[Results]The total myopia detection rate among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District was 62.8%,with a detection rate of 46.9%for primary school students and 75.6%for middle school students,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that middle school(OR=3.639,95%CI=3.045‒4.349,P<0.001),female students(OR=1.278,95%CI=1.081‒1.510,P=0.004),the frequency of school desks and chairs was adjusted>1 semester(OR=1.227,95%CI=1.031‒1.461,P=0.021),the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses≥1 hour in a week(OR=1.205,95%CI=1.009‒1.440,P=0.040),parents reduced the length of time that their children spent on exercise(OR=1.205,95%CI=1.009‒1.440,P=0.040),and parental myopia(OR=2.611,95%CI=2.157‒3.160,P<0.001)were associated with myopia among the primary and middle school students in the industrial zone of Jiading District.[Conclusion]The detection rate of myopia among students in Jiading District was relatively high.More attention should be paid to the effect of school desks and chairs’adjustment frequency,the length of time spent on extracurricular tutorial classes for main courses,electronic screen exposure time on students’vision,so as to prevent and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia.