合肥市医疗卫生机构医疗废物处置现况调查

Survey on medical waste disposal in medical and healthcare institutions in Hefei City

【目的】调查合肥市医疗卫生机构医疗废物(简称“医废”)产生、处置及消毒管理等情况,为进一步完善医疗卫生机构医废处置工作提供依据。【方法】采用分层随机抽样方法抽选合肥市145家医疗卫生机构,调查医废产生、处置及消毒管理工作的现状。【结果】145家医废集中处置的医疗卫生机构医废日总产量7511.99 kg,其中三级医院、二级医院、一级医院、未定级医疗卫生机构医废日总产量分别为4686.37、2200.95、418.40、206.27 kg,床位医废产污系数分别为0.40、0.40、0.33、0.27 kg·d^(-1)。三级医院、二级医院、一级医院、未定级医疗卫生机构设立独立医废暂存间的占比分别为100.0%(15/15)、97.4%(38/39)、100.0%(25/25)、80.3%(53/66),医废转运及时的情况占比分别为100.0%(15/15)、97.4%(38/39)、92.0%(23/25)、72.7%(48/66),差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.046、15.507,均P<0.01)。【结论】基层医疗卫生机构医废管理薄弱,医废暂存间设立和医废转运及时率较低,应加强培训和监管,推进基层医废管理制度建设。

[Objective]To investigate the production,disposal,and disinfection management of medical waste in medical and healthcare institutions in Hefei City,so as to provide a basis for further improving the disposal work of medical waste in the city's medical and healthcare institutions.[Methods]A stratified random sampling method was used to assess the current status of medical waste generation,disposal,and disinfection management in 145 medical and healthcare institutions in Hefei.[Results]The daily disposal volume of medical waste in the 145 medical and healthcare institutions was 7511.99 kg,of which the total daily production volume of medical waste in tertiary hospitals,secondary hospitals,primary hospitals,and ungraded medical and healthcare institutions were 4686.37,2200.95,418.40,and 206.27 kg,respectively.The medical waste production coefficients per bed were 0.40,0.40,0.33,and 0.27 kg·day^(-1),respectively.The percentages of tertiary hospitals,secondary hospitals,primary hospitals and ungraded medical and healthcare institutions that had set up independent temporary storage rooms for medical waste were 100.0%(15/15),97.4%(38/39),100.0%(25/25),and 80.3%(53/66),respectively,and the proportions of timely transfer of medical waste were 100.0%(15/15),97.4%(38/39),92.0%(23/25),72.7%(48/66),respectively,with statistically significant differences(χ^(2)=12.046 and 15.507,both P<0.01).[Conclusion]The management of medical waste in primary medical and health institutions is weak,with lower rates of the setting up independent medical waste storage rooms and timely transfer of medical waste.Training and supervision should be strengthened to promote the establishment of a system for medical waste management at the grassroots level.