美国对中国出口管制的特点及其对中国进口的影响

Features of U.S.Export Controls Against China and the Impact on China's Imports

近年来,美国不断泛化国家安全概念,以高新技术领域为核心,对中国实施的出口管制政策持续加强,并呈现出口管制对象更具精准性、出口管制政策更具联动性、出口管制更趋联盟化、出口管制更加意识形态化等特点。在美国对中国实施出口管制政策的影响下,自拜登政府执政以来,中国从美国进口的半导体产品尤其是高端集成电路产品总额大幅下降,中国自其他国家和地区特别是自美国盟友进口的高端集成电路产品总额也明显下降。为了积极应对美国攻击型的出口管制,我国要提高自主创新能力,努力实现关键核心技术自主可控;加强供应链风险管理,合理布局多元化跨国供应链;完善自主出口管制体系,加快出口管制人才队伍建设;区分国别采取差异化策略,分化瓦解美国主导的排华联盟;坚定不移扩大对外开放,在高水平开放中统筹好发展和安全。

In recent years,the United States has continuously generalized the concept of national security,particularly in high-tech fields,and continuously strengthened its export control policies against China.These measures have increasingly become more targeted,coordinated,alliance-oriented,and ideologically motivated.Under the influence of the U.S.export controls on China,the total amount of semiconductor products,especially high-end integrated circuit products,imported by China from the U.S.has dropped significantly since Biden took office.The total amount of high-end integrated circuit products imported by China from other countries,especially the U.S.allies,has also declined significantly.In order to actively respond to the U.S.export controls,China should improve its independent innovation capabilities and strive to realize the goal that key and core technologies are self-developed and controllable;strengthen supply chain risk management and rationally deploy diversified transnational supply chains;improve the export control system and accelerate the cultivation of export control personnel;adopt differentiated strategies to disintegrate the U.S.-led anti-Chinese alliance;and unswervingly open up wider to the outside world and coordinate development and security in the process of opening up.