龙头企业与出口产品比较优势演变升级——基于中国地级市的微观证据

Leading Firms and the Evolution and Upgrading of Comparative Advantages in Export Products:Micro Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities

不同于强调宏观层面技术水平和资源禀赋的传统贸易分工理论,近年来越来越多研究开始关注微观企业在出口中的作用,特别是单个企业对于形成出口模式的影响。文章基于中国龙头企业占据较大出口份额的事实,在地级市层面分析龙头企业对比较优势升级的影响。研究发现,首先,地级市的出口贸易存在龙头效应,即便在考虑宏观基础条件的情况下,龙头企业对地级市出口仍然具有显著的促进作用;其次,龙头企业能够通过生产力溢出、信号效应和集聚效应发挥带动作用;最后,龙头企业对地区比较优势升级的影响存在异质性,不同地区和行业的龙头效应均存在差异。目前关键领域和重点行业的龙头效应仍有较大提升空间,这也是新质生产力发展和贸易结构升级的方向之一。

Unlike traditional trade division theories that emphasize the macro-level technological capabilities and resource endowment,recent research increasingly focuses on the role of micro-level firms in export performance,especially the impact of individual firms on shaping export patterns.This study,based on the substantial export share occupied by leading firms in China,examines the influence of leading firms in prefecture-level cities on the upgrading of comparative advantages.Empirical results show that,firstly,a leading firm effect exists in the export trade of prefecture-level cities,wherein leading firms significantly enhance local export performance,even when controlling for macroeconomic conditions.Secondly,leading firms can exert their leading role through productivity spillovers,signaling effects,and agglomeration effects.Finally,the impact of leading firms on the upgrading of regional comparative advantages exhibits heterogeneity,varying across regions and industries.There remains substantial room for improvements in the leading firm effect within key sectors and industries,which aligns with the goals of developing new quality productive forces and upgrading trade structures.