自我效能理论的心理干预联合早期皮肤接触对初产妇母乳喂养的影响

Effects of psychological intervention based on self-efficacy theory combined with early skin contact on breastfeeding of primipara

目的:对初产妇给予自我效能理论(SET)的心理干预联合早期皮肤接触,分析其母乳喂养的应用效果。方法:按照入院先后将某院2022年6月-2023年6月收治的82例初产妇分为对照组(n=41,早期皮肤接触)和观察组(n=41,基于SET的个性化心理干预+早期皮肤接触);对比两组初产妇干预前后心理状态[焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)]、产后72h泌乳量、泌乳始动时间、母乳喂养率、母乳喂养知识水平及母乳喂养自我效能[母乳喂养自我效能量表(BSES)]。结果:与干预前比较,观察组干预后SAS、SDS均低于对照组(t=-6.504,-4.858;P<0.05)。观察组产后72h泌乳量高于对照组(t=5.635,P<0.05),泌乳始动时间短于对照组(t=-2.171,P<0.05)。干预后,两组产妇喂养姿势、挤奶技巧、母乳喂养好处、婴儿含接乳头姿势得分均升高(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(t=5.387,5.688,6.195,6.181;P<0.05)。产后第3天,两组母乳喂养率无显著差异(P>0.05);产后1个月,观察组母乳喂养率均高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.970,P<0.05)。干预后,两组BSES量表中内心活动、技能及BSES评分均高于干预前(P<0.05),且观察组均高于对照组(t=5.609,4.664,7.076;P<0.05)。结论:对初产妇给予SET心理干预效果显著,可降低初产妇焦虑、抑郁情绪,提高母乳喂养知识水平、母乳喂养自我效能水平及母乳喂养率。

Objective:To analyze the effect of self-efficacy theory(SET)psychological intervention combined with early skin contact on breastfeeding in primipara.Methods:According to admission,82 cases of primipara admitted to our hospital from June 2022 to June 2023 were divided into control group(n=41,early skin contact)and observation group(n=41,personalized psychological intervention based on SET+early skin contact).The psychological state of the two groups before and after the intervention[self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),self-rating Depression scale(SDS)],postpartum lactation volume,lactation initiation time,breastfeeding rate,breastfeeding knowledge level and breastfeeding self-efficacy[breastfeeding self-efficacy scale(BSES)]were compared.Results:Compared with before intervention,SAS and SDS in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(t=-6.504,-4.858;P<0.05).The lactation volume in the observation group was higher than that in the control group 72h after delivery(t=5.635,P<0.05),and the lactation start time was shorter than that in the control group(t=-2.171,P<0.05).After the intervention,the scores of maternal feeding posture,milking skill,benefits of breastfeeding and infants'posture including nipple attachment increased in both groups(P<0.05),and the scores of observation group were higher than those of control group(t=5.387,5.688,6.195,6.181;P<0.05).On the third day after delivery,there was no significant difference in breastfeeding rate between the two groups(P>0.05).One month after delivery,the breastfeeding rate of observation group was higher than that of control group(χ^(2)=4.970,P<0.05).After intervention,the inner activity,skills and BSES scores in both groups were higher than before intervention(P<0.05),and the observation group was higher than the control group(t=5.609,4.664,7.076;P<0.05).Conclusion:The effect of SET psychological intervention on primipara is significant,which can reduce the anxiety and depression of primipara,improve the level of breastfeeding knowledge,breastfeeding self-efficacy and breastfeeding rate.