价值引领新时代历史文化街区保护与更新——以北京都城历史文化价值引领东四街区保护更新

Value-oriented protection and renewal of historic conservation areas in the new era:The preservation and renewal of Dongsi Historic Conservation Area guided by the historical value of Beijing

党的二十大以来,以价值为导向的城乡历史文化保护传承体系正在逐步形成。历史文化街区作为活态遗产,是城乡历史文化保护传承体系的重要组成,也是历史文化保护传承的重点与难点。在此背景下,亟需探索价值引领街区保护与更新的新思路、新方法。以北京市东四三条至八条历史文化街区为例,对相关实践进行总结归纳,提出价值引领的街区保护更新总体思路,并系统分析价值引领的街区保护规划编制方法。在纵向上,东四街区保护规划实现上下衔接的“价值传导”,立足街区内各类价值载体特征,承接北京历史文化遗产保护传承价值体系,提炼和阐释街区核心价值。在横向上,建立“核心价值—保护管控—更新引导”的衔接关系,从核心价值出发,对街区提出保护管控措施与更新引导策略。本研究为新时代街区保护更新实践提供参考与借鉴。

Since the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,a value-oriented Conservation and Inheritance System of Historic and Cultural Heritage in Urban and Rural Areas has been gradually formed.As living heritage,historic conservation areas are an important part of the system,as well as the Conservation Framework for Historic Cities.At present,the formulate method of historic conservation areas protection planning is becoming more and more mature.However,the existing conservation plannings are relatively lagging behind in the excavation and interpretation of historic conservation areas’core value,and the overall protection and utilization need to be improved.In this context,it is urgent to explore new methods for the protection and renewal of historic conservation area.Based on the relevant experience of Beijing,this study proposes a general idea of value-oriented protection and renewal of historic conservation area.At present,the“Planning of the Conservation and Inheritance System of Historic and Cultural Heritage in Beijing”is being compiled,which has established an overall idea of“value system-protection system-inheritance system”,highlighting the planning concept of value-oriented.As the key protection level and content that connects the upper and lower levels,the historic conservation areas’core value are the confirmation and continuation of the value system in the Conservation and Inheritance System.In terms of planning,the conservation plannings of historic conservation areas should continue the value-oriented ideas of the superior planning.Taking value as a new starting point,the value system in the Conservation and Inheritance System will be connected from top to bottom through“value transmission”.At the same time,through“core value-protection control-renewal guidance”,value research will be transformed into protection and renewal measures and requirements,so as to realize the value-oriented protection and renewal of historic conservation areas.Taking the practice of conservation planning in Dongsi Historic Conservation Area as an example,this paper systematically analyze the value-oriented conservation planning methods.In the vertical direction,the conservation planning of the Dongsi Historic Conservation Area realizes the“value transmission”of the upper and lower connections.On the one hand,the Dongsi Historic Conservation Area is a complete example of a residential neighborhood under the classic paradigm of ancient Chinese capital regulation,and it has the contemporary value of demonstrating the level of modernization of social governance,which confirms the two major values in the Conservation and Inheritance System of Historic and Cultural Heritage in Beijing.On the other hand,compared with other historic conservation areas in Beijing,the Dongsi Historic Conservation Area has three significant characteristics.Firstly,the pattern and texture of the Dongsi Historic Conservation Area are rare in the old city of Beijing,which makes it one of the few areas that completely continues the traditional spatial form of hutong and siheyuan compounds.Secondly,the architectural remains in this area are typical in the old city of Beijing,and they concentrate on the characteristics of local traditional features.Thirdly,living is the main function of Dongsi Historic Conservation Area,and its humanistic connotation is unique in the old city of Beijing.In the horizontal direction,the connection relationship of“core value-protection control-renewal guidance”is established.In addition,the protection control measures and renewal guidance strategies are proposed based on Dongsi Historic Conservation Area’s core value.In terms of protection and control,the conservation planning of this area focuses on its two core values and extends the protection objects,including siheyuan compounds,buildings,structures,historical places,etc.With value presentation as the guide,the extension of protection objects enriches the Conservation and Inheritance System of Historic and Cultural Heritage in Beijing at a middle-view level.In addition,the conservation plan is guided by value presentation and refines the detailed management rules.In hutongs,all kinds of historical elements and their interrelationships are protected as a whole,and other environmental elements are required to be coordinated with historical scenes.In siheyuan compounds,on the basis of single buildings construction control,the basic laws and characteristics between the buildings will be emphatically protected.In terms of renewal guidance,with the goal of presenting and continuing Dongsi Historic Conservation Area’s core value,the conservation planning requires active completion of the value display system,as well as the improvement of the multi-support systems,such as urban facilities,environment,functions,etc.By implementing these planning strategies,the historical culture and modern life can be truly integrated.In conclusion,facing the new era,the protection and renewal methods of historic conservation areas needs to be furtherly explored,in order to achieve the goal of value interpretation and display.Besides,under the idea of value-oriented,it is necessary to further clarify the departmental management structure,refine the work organization,and introduce supporting policies,so that the conservation plannings can truly become implementation tools,to promote the integrated development of historical protection and future construction.