康复治疗人员职业分类与核心胜任力研究

Occupational classification and core competencies of rehabilitation-therapy professionals

目的调研国内外康复治疗人员职业分类情况,分析康复治疗相关职业核心胜任力,对完善我国康复治疗职业体系提出建议。方法根据联合国区域划分原则、国家/地区人类发展指数情况,搜集国际劳工组织(ILO)、全球17个区域代表性国家/地区康复治疗人员职业分类情况,采用康复胜任力架构(RCF)分析康复治疗相关职业、技师的核心胜任力。结果获取到ILO、15个国家/地区的职业分类或类似文件;除中国将康复治疗人员归为技师外,上述文件均将物理治疗师、言语治疗师等康复治疗亚专业职业设立为正式的全日制职业;ILO、14个国家/地区还将康复治疗亚专业职业明确为专业性职业。技师的核心胜任力仅涉及RCF极少数胜任力和活动,康复治疗亚专业职业的核心胜任力涵盖了RCF绝大部分胜任力和活动;康复治疗各亚专业职业核心胜任力涉及到的RCF胜任力和活动存在差异。结论康复治疗人员与技师、康复治疗各亚专业职业之间核心胜任力不同,中国应将康复治疗各亚专业职业设立为正式的全日制职业。中国康复治疗相关教育正逐步与国际接轨,应开展康复治疗职业资格准入立法工作,逐步推动康复治疗人员成为专业性职业。

Objective To investigate the international occupational classification of rehabilitation-therapy professionals,and analyze the core competencies,to improve the occupational system of rehabilitation-therapy professionals in China.Methods According to Standard Country or Area Codes for Statistical Use that prepared by the Statistics Division of the United Nations and Human Development Index of each country or area,the occupational classification of rehabilitation-therapy professionals in the International Labour Organization(ILO)and 17 typical countries or areas was compared,and rehabilitation competency framework(RCF)was used to analyze the core competencies.Results The occupational classification or similar documents of ILO and 15 countries or areas were obtained.Except China categorizing rehabilitation-therapy professionals as technicians,all the documents set detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals such as physical therapist and speech therapist as formal full-time occupation;and ILO and 14 countries or areas defined these detailed occupations as professional occupation.The core competencies of technicians only involved a very small number of competencies and activities in RCF,while the core competencies of detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals covered the vast majority of competencies and activities in RCF.There were differences in RCF competencies and activities involved in the core competencies of detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals.Conclusion The core competencies are different between rehabilitation-therapy professionals and technicians,and among different detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals.It is important for China to establish the detailed occupations of rehabilitation-therapy professionals as formal full-time occupation.The education related to therapy and rehabilitation in China is gradually aligning with international standards,legislation on occupational qualification admission for rehabilitation-therapy professionals should be carried out,and make the rehabilitation-therapy professionals to be professional occupation.