21世纪以来国际公共教育经费比例的变化及影响因素

Public Education Expenditure as a Share of GDP in the 21 Century:Global Changes and Determinants

在我国,公共教育经费占国内生产总值(GDP)的比例长期受到社会各界的特别关注。本研究通过理论分析和实证研究,探讨并验证了影响公共教育经费占GDP比例的因素。研究发现,一国公共教育经费占GDP的比例受生均教育成本、学龄人口占比、高等教育入学率及政府对教育经费负担度的影响。21世纪一些国家公共教育经费占GDP比例降低,主要源于教育生均成本由升转降、高等教育入学率达到一定水平之后不再提高,以及学龄人口比例和政府负担度双双下降。此外,在2008年全球金融危机之后,公共教育经费占GDP的比例显著提升,多数国家公共教育经费保障机制在经济动荡中呈现出较强的稳定性或刚性。研究结果预示着未来我国教育经费供求矛盾将长期存在,并会对地方政府教育资源配置能力提出更高要求,同时,我国教育经费保障体系在稳定性和刚性方面还有待增强,且需要进一步探寻充足而稳定的财政性教育经费筹措渠道。

In China,the portion of public education expenditure in GDP has long been a subject of special attention from various sectors.This study aims to identify and verify the factors that influence the share of public education expenditure in GDP through theoretical analysis and empirical research using international data.The findings reveal that this portion is influenced by the unit cost of education,the portion of school-age population,the enrollment rate of higher education,and the share of government's funds in education expenditure.The decrease in the share of public education expenditure as a percentage of GDP in some countries during the 21st century can be attributed to several factors.Firstly,there has been a decline in the unit cost of education as a percentage of GDP per capita at all levels.Additionally,the increase in higher education enrollment rate has slowed down after reaching a certain level.Furthermore,there has been a decrease in the portion of school-age population and the government's share of education expenditure.Moreover,the study highlights that the 2008 global financial crisis had a significant impact,leading to an increase in the ratio of public education expenditure to GDP afterwards.It was observed that many countries' public education funding systems displayed strong stability or rigidity in the face of economic turbulence.This research indicates that the contradiction between the supply and demand of education funds in China will persist in the future,necessitating greater attention and expertise from local governments in education resource allocation.Furthermore,it is acknowledged that there are limitations in the stability and rigidity of China's education finance system.Therefore,additional efforts are required to explore effective and sustainable channels for raising public funds for education.