湖泊流域乡村聚落时空演变、影响因素及空间重构——以巢湖流域为例

Spatio-temporal Evolution,Influencing Factorsand Spatial Reconstruction of Rural Settlements in the Lake Valley:A Case Study of Chaohu Lake Valley

乡村聚落时空演变过程与影响因素研究是乡村聚落空间优化的基础,是落实当地乡村振兴战略的重要依据。以巢湖流域为研究区域,运用景观格局指数、空间自相关和地理探测器等方法,研究近40年巢湖流域乡村聚落的时空演变特征,揭示乡村聚落时空演变的影响因素,以主体功能区为视角,对巢湖流域乡村聚落地域类型进行划分,进而提出相应的重构模式和途径。结果表明:(1)巢湖流域乡村聚落的数量和面积总体稳步增长,用地规模不断扩大,整体呈外部扩张和内部填充趋势,聚落形状逐渐规整,由原来的粗放扩张向内涵提升阶段转变。(2)巢湖流域乡村聚落空间扩张存在正相关,但扩张的空间关联性逐步降低,一定程度上呈空间低值集聚态势,局部空间分异性增强;乡村聚落热点区主要分布在巢湖北岸柘皋河流域,呈团状集聚分布,冷点区主要分布于西南部大别山区,分布零散且规模较小。(3)巢湖流域乡村聚落的时空演变受多种因素共同影响,随着经济发展和人民生活水平提高,乡村聚落对自然环境依赖性逐渐降低,受到社会经济发展、规划政策的影响越来越显著。为优化巢湖流域乡村聚落空间格局,在主体功能区的视角下,通过对乡村地域空间适宜性评价,将巢湖流域乡村聚落地域类型划分为优先重构区、鼓励重构区、适度重构区、引导重构区和限制重构区,针对各类型区提出相应的重构模式和途径,助力当地乡村振兴战略的稳步推进。

The study of spatio-temporal evolution process and influencing factors of rural settlements is the foundation for optimizing rural settlement space and the important basis for implementing local rural revitalization strategies.Taking Chaohu Lake Valley as the research area,this study employs the methods of landscape pattern index,spatial autocorrelation and geographic detector to investigate the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley in the past 40 years and reveal the influencing factors of the spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlements.The types of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley is classified from the perspective of the main functional areas,and corresponding reconstruction models and approaches are proposed.The results are as follows:(1)The total number and area of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley have steadily increased and the scale of land use has continued to expand,presenting an overall trend towards external expansion and internal filling;the shape of settlements has gradually become normalized,transitioning from the original extensive expansion to the stage of connotation enhancement;(2)There is a positive correlation between the spatial expansion of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley,but the spatial correlation of the expansion has gradually decreased,and to some extent,it has shown a trend of low spatial value agglomeration with increased local spatial differentiation;the hot spot areas of rural settlements are mainly distributed in the Zhegao River Basin on the north bank of Chaohu Lake,forming a clustered distribution while the cold spot areas are mostly concentrated in the southwestern Dabie Mountain area,with scattered and small-scale distribution;(3)The spatio-temporal evolution of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley is formed by multiple factors;following the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standards,the dependence of rural settlements on the natural environment is gradually decreasing whereas the impact of socio-economic development and planning policies is becoming increasingly significant.The types of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley are divided into priority reconstruction areas,encouraged reconstruction areas,moderate reconstruction areas,guided reconstruction areas,and restricted reconstruction areas by evaluating the spatial suitability of rural areas from the perspective of main functional areas in order to optimize the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Chaohu Lake Valley.Corresponding reconstruction models and approaches are proposed for each type of area to support the steady advancement of the local rural revitalization strategy.