非物质劳动的生命政治解读——基于马克思立场对哈特和奈格里观点的批判性反思

A Biopolitical Interpretation of Immaterial Labor:A Critical Reflection on the Views of Hardt and Negri from the Marxian Perspective

哈特和奈格里认为,整个西方社会正在步入以网络化、信息化和服务化等为特征的后工业时代。这种转变的标识是非物质劳动逐渐取代工业劳动成为占支配地位的劳动方式,在社会生产过程中发挥着引领作用。非物质劳动具有广泛而深刻的生命政治意蕴,创造了无法被资本完全占有的共同性,而这种共同性使诸众获得了对抗资本帝国的力量,蕴含着生命政治解放的潜能。哈特和奈格里从活劳动和主体政治的视角深入阐释了非物质劳动的内涵及其引发的社会历史效应,并将这一观点视作对马克思劳动理论的继承与创新。然而,他们对非物质劳动的生命政治解读违背了马克思的劳动价值论和解放学说,存在着对阶级关系和现实历史过程的简单化理解。用马克思的立场反思他们的非物质劳动观点,对于在后工业时代推进马克思哲学的当代化具有重要启示。

Hardt and Negri believe that the entire Western society is stepping into a post-industrial era characterized by networking,informatization,and servitization,etc.This transformation is marked by the gradual replacement of industrial labor by immaterial labor which has become the dominant mode and plays a leading role in the process of social production.Immaterial labor has a broad and profound biopolitical implications,creating a commonality that cannot be fully appropriated by capital,and this commonality gives the masses the strength to fight against the empire of capital and contains the potential for biopolitical emancipation.From the perspective of living labor and subject politics,Hardt and Negri have explained in depth the connotation of immaterial labor and the socio-historical effects it triggers,and regarded this view as an inheritance and innovation of Marx s labor theory.However,their biopolitical reading of immaterial labor goes against Marx s labor theory of value and doctrine of emancipation,and suffers from a simplistic understanding of class relations and real historical processes.Rethinking their view of immaterial labor with Marx s stance has important insights for the advancement of Marxian philosophy's modernization in the post-industrial era.