“双碳”目标下陆地生态系统碳汇评估与碳交易机制研究——以喀斯山区毕节市为例

Research on Carbon Sink Assessment and Carbon Trading Mechanism of Terrestrial Ecosystems under the Goal of"Double Carbon"--Taking Bijie City in Cass Mountain as an Example

习近平总书记提出要坚持以人为本,让良好的生态环境成为全球世界经济发展的重要支撑,实现绿色低碳可持续发展,应该高度重视应对气候变化,实现“双碳”的目标。在此背景下,开展毕节市碳汇量与碳交易机制的研究具有重要的意义。本文运用GIS空间技术分析法提取研究区不同陆地生态系统面积,采用参考评价模型和生态系统碳汇能力测算系数计算毕节市不同陆地生态系统的碳汇量,并对其碳交易机制进行了研究。研究表明:(1)毕节市森林生态系统面积最大,在碳汇和生态产品价值实现方面发挥了巨大作用,在积极的探索碳交易市场的创新机制和不断推动森林生态效益的最大化的过程中,实现“碳票”变“钞票”;(2)不同生态系统碳汇量由大到小排序为:森林>农田>草原>湿地>荒漠,最大是森林,最小是荒漠,研究揭示毕节市森林生态系统和农田生态系统的碳汇量最大,是主要的碳汇,促进了“双碳”的目标实现和提升了生态产品价值的实现效益;(3)碳交易是实现生态产品价值的重要途径,碳交易机制的研究结论表明根据毕节市碳市场的发展现状及问题分析,从五个方面探索了健全完善研究区碳交易机制的思路,以促进喀斯特山区毕节市碳市场的绿色发展。

General Secretary Xi Jinping is proposed that we should adhere to the people-oriented principle and make a good ecological environment an important support for the global economic development.To achieve green and low-carbon sustainable development,we should attach great importance to climate change and achieve the goal of"double carbon".In this context,conducting research on carbon sequestration and carbon trading mechanisms in Bijie is of great significance.This article uses GIS spatial technology analysis method to extract the area of different terrestrial ecosystems in the research area,uses reference evaluation model and ecosystem carbon sink capacity calculation coefficient to calculate the carbon sink of different terrestrial ecosystems in Bijie,and studies their carbon trading mechanism.Research has shown that:(1)Bijie has the largest forest ecosystem area and has played a huge role in carbon sequestration and the realization of ecological product value.In actively exploring innovative mechanisms of carbon trading markets and continuously promoting the maximization of forest ecological benefits,it has achieved the transformation of"carbon bills"into"money bills";(2)The carbon sink of different ecosystems is ranked in descending order:forest>farmland>grassland>wetland>desert,with the largest being forest and the smallest being desert.Research has revealed that the forest and farmland ecosystems in Bijie have the largest carbon sink and are the main carbon sink,promoting the achievement of the"dual carbon"goal and enhancing the benefits of realizing the value of ecological products;(3)Carbon trading is an important way to realize the value of ecological products.The research conclusions of the carbon trading mechanism indicate that based on the development status and problem analysis of the carbon market in Bijie,we have explored and improved the carbon trading mechanism in the research area from five aspects to promote the green development of the carbon market in Bijie,a karst mountainous area.