数字平台权力的法理分析与规制路径

Jurisprudential Analysis and Regulatory Path of Digital Platform Power

数字平台权力指的是数字平台基于数据垄断、算法决策、资源调配等优势,对社会行为体所形成的控制力和支配力。作为一种新型权力形态,数字平台权力源于技术赋权、资本赋权、法律赋权和社会赋权,具有自然垄断、高度隐蔽、全面渗透等基本特征。数字平台权力可以从基本形态、扩张形态和异化形态三个维度考察。在基本形态层面,表现为数据控制权、规则制定权、监督管理权以及争议处置权。在扩张形态层面,主要包括超级数字平台权力、平台生态系统权力和基础设施平台权力。在异化形态层面,带有胁迫、操纵、支配和主体化的权力面向。数字平台权力的扩张和异化引发了一系列社会风险,市场秩序、隐私安全和社会正义价值遭遇重大挑战。我国现有的政策框架和法律规范在规制数字平台权力方面仍存在一定的局限,为了推动我国平台经济健康发展,亟须建立“事先预防、事中控制、事后追责”的全周期规制路径,强化事前规制,充分发挥“软法”的治理效能,加强事后反垄断执法的力度,在法治轨道上建构多元互动的协同治理格局。

Digital platform power refers to the control and dominance exerted by digital platforms over social actors,based on advantages such as data monopolies,algorithmic decision-making,and resource allocation.As a new form of power,digital platform power originates from technological empowerment,capital empowerment,legal empowerment,and social empowerment.It has such basic characteristics as natural monopoly,high concealment,and comprehensive penetration.Digital platform power can be examined from three dimensions:basic form,expansion form,and alienation form.At the basic form level,it manifests as data control rights,rule-making rights,supervision and management rights,and dispute resolution rights.At the expansion form level,it mainly includes super digital platform power,platform ecosystem power,and infrastructure platform power.At the alienation form level,it includes coercive,manipulative,dominating,and subjective power aspects.The expansion and alienation of digital platform power have triggered a series of social risks,posing significant challenges to market order,privacy security,and social justice values.The current policy framework and legal norms in China still have certain limitations in regulating digital platform power.To promote the healthy development of China’s platform economy,it is urgently necessary to establish a full-cycle regulatory path of“prevention beforehand,control during the process,and accountability afterward,”strengthen pre-regulation,fully leverage the governance efficiency of“soft law,”enhance post-antitrust enforcement efforts,and construct a multi-dimensional interactive collaborative governance pattern under the rule of law.