硒和硒蛋白在海参养殖中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on Application of Selenium and Selenoprotein in Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

海参是我国北方沿海地区最主要的水产养殖品种之一,因其含有多种独特的天然活性物质,具有一定的保健作用,深受消费者喜爱。随着海参养殖规模的不断扩大,相继出现了种质退化、氧化应激和生长性能不稳定等问题。为了解决这些问题,研究人员一直致力于探寻一种绿色、健康和高效的饲料添加剂以促进海参的繁殖,提高免疫和生长性能。硒(Se)是生物体健康必不可少的微量元素,在机体以硒蛋白的形式通过酶促作用实现抗氧化和代谢调节等生理功能。本文综述了硒和硒蛋白的种类以及硒对海参的生理作用机制,介绍了不同硒源在改善海参生长性能、提高抗氧化能力和体壁营养方面的研究进展,提出了当前富硒海参养殖面临的挑战以及未来的研究重点,旨在为硒在海参养殖中的应用提供科学依据。

Sea cucumber is one of the most important aquaculture species in the northern coastal areas of Chi-na,which is deeply loved by consumers because of it contained various unique natural active substances and had certain health care function.With the continuous expansion of sea cucumber breeding scale,problems such as germplasm degradation,oxidative stress and unstable growth performance have appeared one after another.In order to solve these problems,researchers have been trying to find a green,healthy and efficient feed addi-tive to promote the reproduction,immunity and growth performance of sea cucumber.Selenium(Se)is an es-sential trace element for the health of organisms,which can achieve physiological functions such as antioxida-tion and metabolic regulation through enzymatic action in the form of selenoprotein.This paper summarizes the types of selenium and selenoprotein,and the physiological mechanism of selenium on sea cucumber.It intro-duces the research progress of different selenium sources in improving the growth performance,antioxidant ca-pacity and body wall nutrition of sea cucumber,and put forward the challenges faced by selenium-enriched sea cucumber culture at present and the future research focus,with the purpose to provide scientific basis for the application of selenium in sea cucumber culture.