富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对817肉鸡生长性能、血清指标和肠道健康的影响

Effects of Fumaric Acid and Cinnamaldehyde and Their Combination on Growth Performance,Serum Indices and Intestine Health of 817 Broilers

本试验旨在研究富马酸和肉桂醛及其联合添加对817肉鸡生长性能、血清指标和肠道健康的影响。选取600只1日龄健康817肉鸡,随机分为4个组,每组10个重复,每个重复15只。对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮的基础上添加600 mg/kg富马酸(FA组)、400 mg/kg肉桂醛(CA组)以及600 mg/kg富马酸+400 mg/kg肉桂醛(FC组)的饲粮。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)21~42日龄,与CON组相比,FA组和CA组肉鸡末重(FBW)和平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),FC组FBW和ADG极显著提高(P<0.01),FA组、CA组和FC组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05);1~42日龄,与CON组相比,FA组和CA组ADG显著提高(P<0.05),FC组ADG极显著提高(P<0.01)。2)与CON组相比,CA组和FC组肉鸡血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著降低(P<0.05),且FC组血清ALT和AST活性显著低于CA组(P<0.05)。3)与CON组相比,各试验组肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著均提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05);其中,FC组血清MDA含量显著低于FA组和CA组(P<0.05),血清IgM和GSH含量以及SOD活性显著高于FA组和CA组(P<0.05)。4)21和42日龄时,与CON组相比,CA组和FC组肉鸡十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与CON组相比,各试验组肉鸡盲肠菌群Chao1指数均显著提高(P<0.05),CA组和FC组盲肠菌群ACE指数显著提高(P<0.05)。在门水平,各试验组肉鸡盲肠拟杆菌门相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),盲肠变形菌门相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05);在属水平上,与CON组相比,各试验组盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度显著提高(P<0.05),且FC组盲肠乳杆菌属相对丰度显著高于CA组和FA组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮单独添加富马酸或肉桂醛及二者联合添加可以提高肉鸡ADG和抗氧化能力,提高血清IgM含量,改善盲肠菌群结构;饲粮单独添加肉桂醛及富马酸与肉桂醛二者联合添加还可以降低血清ALT和AST活性,改善肠道组织形态;与单独添加相比,富马酸与肉桂醛联合添加的效果更佳。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde and their combination on growth performance,serum indices and intestine health of 817 broilers.A total of 6001-day-old healthy 817 broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 15 broilers per replicate.Broilers in the control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg fumaric acid(FA group),400 mg/kg cinnamal-dehyde(CA group)and 600 mg/kg fumaric acid+400 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde(FC group),respectively.The experiment lasted for 42 days.The results show as follows:1)from 21 to 42 days of age,compared with CON group,the final body weight(FBW)and average daily gain(ADG)of broilers in FA and CA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),FBW and ADG in FC group were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),and the average daily feed intake(ADFI)in FA,CA and FC groups was significantly increased(P<0.05);from 1 to 42 days of age,compared with CON group,ADG in FA and CA groups was signifi-cantly increased(P<0.05),and ADG in FC group was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01).2)Com-pared with CON group,the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)of broilers in CA and FC groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the activities of serum ALT and AST in FC group were significantly lower than those in CA group(P<0.05).3)Compared with CON group,the serum immunoglobulin M(IgM)and glutathione(GSH)contents and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of broilers in all experimental groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the serum malondialdehyde(MDA)content was significantly decreased(P<0.05);among them,the serum MDA con-tent in FC group was significantly lower than that in FA and CA groups(P<0.05),and the serum IgM and GSH contents and SOD activity in FC group were significantly higher than those in FA and CA groups(P<0.05).4)At 21 and 42 days of age,compared with CON group,the villus height in duodenum and jejunum of broilers in CA and FC groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared with CON group,the Chao1 index of cecal microbiota of broilers in all experimental groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ACE index of cecal microbiota in CA and FC groups was significantly increased(P<0.05).At the phylum level,the Bacteroidota relative abundance in cecum of broilers in all experimental groups was signifi-cantly increased(P<0.05),and the Proteobacteria relative abundance in cecum was significantly decreased(P<0.05);at the genus level,compared with CON group,the Lactobacillus relative abundance in cecum in all experimental groups was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the Lactobacillus relative abundance in ce-cum in FC group was significantly higher than that in CA and FA groups(P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of fumaric acid or cinnamaldehyde alone or in combination can increase ADG and antioxidant capacity,increase serum IgM content,and improve cecal microbiota structure of broilers;dietary supplementa-tion of cinnamaldehyde alone and fumaric acid combined with cinnamaldehyde can also decrease the activities of serum ALT and AST,and improve the intestinal tissue morphology;compared with the single supplementa-tion,the combination of fumaric acid and cinnamaldehyde is more effective.