全脂黑水虻幼虫粉的营养价值评定及其在蛋鸡饲粮中的应用效果

Nutritional Value Evaluation of Full⁃Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal and Its Application Effect in Laying Hens’Diet

本试验旨在评定全脂黑水虻幼虫粉的营养价值及其在蛋鸡饲粮中的应用效果。试验1:选用体重相近、健康的42周龄海兰褐蛋鸡16只,随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂以全脂黑水虻幼虫粉替代基础饲粮中10%能量原料的试验饲粮。试验期10 d。采用全收粪法测定全脂黑水虻幼虫粉在蛋鸡饲粮中的代谢能和营养物质消化率。试验2:选用24只体重相近、健康的42周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复2只鸡。对照组饲喂无氮饲粮,试验组饲喂含60%全脂黑水虻幼虫粉的试验饲粮。试验期10 d。测定全脂黑水虻幼虫粉的回肠氨基酸消化率。试验3:选用体重相近、健康的36周龄罗曼粉蛋鸡1080只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复36只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加2.5%、5.0%、7.5%和10.0%的全脂黑水虻幼虫粉。试验期35 d。测定蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标。结果表明:1)全脂黑水虻幼虫粉表观代谢能和氮校正表观代谢能分别为13.34和13.20 MJ/kg。与对照组相比,试验组的干物质消化率、表观代谢能、氮校正表观代谢能、表观代谢能/总能和氮校正表观代谢能/总能均显著降低(P<0.05),粗蛋白质消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)全脂黑水虻幼虫粉的表观回肠氨基酸消化率为41.87%~82.22%,标准回肠氨基酸消化率为50.83%~92.47%;必需氨基酸中,组氨酸的消化率最高,其次是精氨酸和蛋氨酸,苏氨酸最低。3)随着饲粮中全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平的增加,产蛋率呈线性升高(P<0.05),料蛋比呈线性降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,5.0%、7.5%和10.0%全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平组的料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。4)随着饲粮中全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平的增加,蛋黄颜色呈二次变化(P<0.05),而蛋壳颜色的红度(a^(*))和黄度(b^(*))值呈线性降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,10.0%全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平组的蛋壳强度显著降低(P<0.05),2.5%全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平组的蛋黄颜色显著降低(P<0.05)。5)随着饲粮中全脂黑水虻幼虫粉添加水平的增加,血清碱性磷酸酶活性和尿酸含量呈二次变化(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加10%全脂黑水虻幼虫粉可提高蛋鸡产蛋率,降低料蛋比,增加蛋黄颜色,对蛋鸡血清生化指标无负面影响。本试验条件下,以产蛋率和料蛋比为参考指标,全脂黑水虻幼虫粉在蛋鸡饲粮中的适宜添加水平为10.0%。

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the nutritional value evaluation of full-fat black sol-dier fly larvae meal and its application in laying hens’diet.In experiment 1:sixteen 42-week-old healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 replicates per group and 1 hen per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental group was fed an experimental diet which the energy-deriving ingredients was replaced with 10%full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal.The experiment lasted for 10 days.The metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibility of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal in laying hens’diet were determined by total feces collection method.In experiment 2:twenty-four 42-week-old healthy Hy-Line brown laying hens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 2 groups with 6 replicates per group and 2 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a nitrogen-free di-et,and the experimental group was fed an experimental diet which contained 60%full-fat black soldier fly lar-vae meal.The experiment lasted for 10 days.The ileal digestibility of amino acids of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal were determined.In experiment 3:a total of 1080 healthy 36-week-old Lohmann laying hens were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 36 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 2.5%,5.0%,7.5%and 10.0%full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal,respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 days.The performance,egg quality,and serum biochemical indicators of laying hens were determined.The results showed as follows:1)the apparent metabolic energy and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal were 13.34 and 13.20 MJ/kg,respectively.Compared with the control group,the dry matter a-vailability,apparent metabolic energy,nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy,apparent metabolic ener-gy/gross energy and nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolic energy/gross energy of the experimental group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the crude protein availability was significantly increased(P<0.05).2)The apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids of full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal were ranged from 41.87%to 82.22%,and the standard ileal digestibility of amino acids were ranged from 50.83%to 92.47%;among the essential amino acids,histidine had the highest digestibility,followed by arginine and methionine,and threonine had the lowest digestibility.3)With dietary full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal supplemental level increased,the laying rate was linearly increased(P<0.05),and the feed to egg ratio was linearly decreased(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the feed to egg ratio of 5.0%,7.5%and 10.0%full-fat black sol-dier fly larvae meal supplemental level groups was significantly decreased(P<0.05).4)With dietary full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal supplemental level increased,the yolk color was quadratically changed(P<0.05),and the redness(a^(*))and yellowness(b^(*))values of eggshell color were linearly decreased(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,the eggshell strength of 10.0%full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal supplemental level group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the yolk color of 2.5%full-fat black sol-dier fly larvae meal supplemental level group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).5)With dietary full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal supplemental level increased,the serum alkaline phosphatase activity and uric acid content were quadratically changed(P<0.05).In summary,adding 10%full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal to the diet can increase the laying rate,reduce the feed to egg ratio,increase the yolk color,and have no ad-verse effects on serum biochemical indexes of laying hens.Under the conditions of this experiment,using lay-ing rate and feed to egg ratio as reference indexes,the appropriate full-fat black soldier fly larvae meal supple-mental level in laying hens’diet is 10.0%.