维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质、血清生殖激素含量和抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Synergism on Reproductive Performance,Egg Quality,Serum Reproductive Hormone Contents and Antioxidant Capacity of Breeding Geese during Laying Period

本试验旨在研究维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质、血清生殖激素含量和抗氧化能力的影响。选择体况相似的180只34周龄五龙鹅,随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鹅(公∶母=1∶4)。试验采用2×3(叶酸×维生素B_(12))二因子交叉试验设计,2个叶酸添加水平分别为0.5、2.0 mg/kg,3个维生素B_(12)添加水平分别为15、25、75μg/kg。预试期1周,正试期18周。结果表明:1)维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对种蛋受精率影响显著(P<0.05),饲粮中添加25μg/kg维生素B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg叶酸组的种蛋受精率最高。维生素B_(12)对种蛋合格率、种蛋孵化率和种蛋受精率影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),叶酸对种蛋受精率影响显著(P<0.05)。2)维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对蛋壳厚度影响显著(P<0.05),饲粮中添加25μg/kg维生素B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg叶酸组的蛋壳厚度最大。维生素B_(12)对蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度和哈氏单位影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01)。3)维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对血清孕酮和促卵泡素含量影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),饲粮中添加75μg/kg维生素B_(12)+0.5 mg/kg叶酸组的血清孕酮和促卵泡素含量最高。维生素B_(12)对血清孕酮、雌激素、催乳素和促黄体激素含量影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),叶酸对血清促卵泡素含量影响显著(P<0.05)。4)维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同对种鹅血清丙二醛、总蛋白含量和总超氧化物歧化酶活性影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),饲粮中添加25μg/kg维生素B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg叶酸组的血清丙二醛含量最低,血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性和总蛋白含量最高。维生素B_(12)对各血清抗氧化指标影响显著或极显著(P<0.05或P<0.01),叶酸对血清总抗氧化能力影响显著(P<0.05)。由此可见,维生素B_(12)和叶酸协同能够提高产蛋期种鹅的种蛋受精率,改善蛋壳质量,提高血清生殖激素含量以及机体抗氧化能力。在本试验条件下,产蛋期种鹅饲粮维生素B_(12)和叶酸适宜添加水平分别为25μg/kg和2.0 mg/kg。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of vitamin B_(12) and folic acid synergism on repro-ductive performance,egg quality,serum reproductive hormone contents and antioxidant capacity of breeding geese during laying period.One hundred and eighty 34-week-old Wulong geese with similar body conditions were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate(male∶female=1∶4).The experiment adopted a 2×3(folic acid×vitamin B_(12))two-factor crossover experiment design,with three supplemental levels(15,25 and 75μg/kg)of vitamin B_(12) and two supplemental levels(0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg)of folic acid.The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 18 weeks.The results showed as follows:1)vitamin B_(12) and folic acid synergism significantly affected the fertilization rate of breeding eggs(P<0.05),and dietary 25μg/kg vitamin B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg folic acid group had the highest fertilization rate of breeding eggs.Vitamin B_(12) significantly affected the qualified rate of breed-ing eggs,hatching rate of breeding eggs and fertilization rate of breeding eggs(P<0.05 or P<0.05),and folic acid significantly affected the fertilization rate of breeding eggs(P<0.05).2)Vitamin B_(12) and folic acid syner-gism significantly affected the eggshell thickness(P<0.05),and dietary 25μg/kg vitamin B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg fo-lic acid group had the highest eggshell thickness.Vitamin B_(12) significantly affected the eggshell strength,egg-shell thickness,and Haugh unit(P<0.05 or P<0.05).3)Vitamin B_(12) and folic acid synergism significantly affected the contents of progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone in serum(P<0.05 or P<0.05),and di-etary 75μg/kg vitamin B_(12)+0.5 mg/kg folic acid group had the highest contents of progesterone and follicle stimulating hormone in serum.Vitamin B_(12) significantly affected the contents of progesterone,estrogen,prolac-tin and luteinizing hormone in serum(P<0.05 or P<0.05),and folic acid significantly affected the serum fol-licle stimulating hormone content(P<0.05).4)Vitamin B_(12) and folic acid synergism significantly affected the serum malondialdehyde,total protein contents and total superoxide dismutase activity(P<0.05 or P<0.05),dietary 25μg/kg vitamin B_(12)+2.0 mg/kg folic acid group had the lowest eggshell serum malondialdehyde con-tent and highest serum total protein contents and total superoxide dismutase activity.Vitamin B_(12) significantly affected the serum antioxidant indexes(P<0.05 or P<0.05),and folic acid significantly affected the serum to-tal antioxidant capacity(P<0.05).In conclusion,vitamin B_(12) and folic acid synergism can improve the fertili-zation rate of breeding eggs,eggshell quality,serum reproductive hormone contents and antioxidant capacity of breeding geese during laying period.Under the conditions of this experiment,the dietary appropriate supple-mental levels of vitamin B_(12) and folic acid of breeding geese during laying period are 25μg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg,respectively.