饲粮中添加不同水平大蒜皮对福清山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物结构的影响

Effects of Dietary Supplemented with Different Levels of Garlic Skin on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Rumen Fermentation Parameters and Microbial Structure of Fuqing Goats

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平大蒜皮对福清山羊生长性能、营养物质表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物结构的影响。选取健康9月龄福清山羊公羊60只,随机分成4组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只羊。各组分别饲喂以0(对照组)、8%(试验Ⅰ组)、16%(试验Ⅱ组)和24%(试验Ⅲ组)大蒜皮替代饲粮中花生秧的试验饲粮。预试期10 d,正试期90 d。结果表明:1)试验Ⅲ组的(GE)表观消化率显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。2)试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的瘤胃氨态氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),瘤胃丙酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),瘤胃乙酸/丙酸极显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。3)试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组的瘤胃微生物Ace指数、Chao1指数和PD_whole_tree指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组的瘤胃微生物Shannon指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在门水平上,试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃厚壁菌门相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),瘤胃拟杆菌门相对丰度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。在属水平上,试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度显著低于试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅲ组的瘤胃毛螺菌科XPB1014群、NK4A214群和克里斯滕森菌科R_7群相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组的瘤胃理研菌科RC9肠道群相对丰度显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)菌属相对丰度与NDF(P=0.034,r=0.250)和ADF(P=0.040,r=0.225)表观消化率显著正相关,Shannon指数与NDF(P=0.003,r=0.487)和ADF(P=0.01,r=0.347)表观消化率极显著正相关,Simpson指数与NDF(P=0.001,r=0.582)和ADF(P=0.001,r=0.582)表观消化率极显著正相关。奎氏菌属相对丰度与NDF、GE和粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著负相关(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加大蒜皮可提升瘤胃微生物相对丰度及多样性,并通过对特定菌群的调控提升福清山羊对能量和粗纤维的表观消化率,改善瘤胃发酵参数,其中起到关键作用的菌属是毛螺菌科XPB1014群和奎氏菌属。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplemented with different lev-els of garlic skin on growth performance,nutrient apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation parameters and microbial structure of Fuqing goats.A total of 60 healthy 9-month-old Fuqing male goats were randomly divid-ed into 4 groups with 15 replicates in each group and 1 goat in each replicate.Goats in 4 groups were fed ex-perimental diets which using 0(control group),8%(experiment groupⅠ),16%(experiment groupⅡ)and 24%(experiment groupⅢ)garlic skin replace peanut seedlings in diets,respectively.The pre-experimen-tal period lasted for 10 days,and the experimental period lasted for 90 days.The results showed as follows:1)the gross energy(GE)apparent digestibility of experiment groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),the neutral detergent fiber(NDF)apparent digestibility was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the acid detergent fiber(ADF)apparent digestibility was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.01).2)The rumen ammonia nitrogen content of experiment groupsⅡandⅢwas significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05),the rumen propionate content was significant-ly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05),and the rumen acetate/propionate was significantly lower than that of control group and experiment groupⅠ(P<0.01).3)The rumen microbial Ace index,Chao1 in-dex and PD_whole_tree index of experiment groupsⅠ,ⅡandⅢwere significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the Shannon index of experiment groupsⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).At the phylum level,the rumen Firmicutes relative abundance of experi-ment groupⅢwas significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the Bacteroidetes relative a-bundance was significantly lower than that of other groups(P<0.05).At the genus level,the rumen Prevotella relative abundance of experiment groupⅢwas significantly lower than that of experiment groupsⅠandⅡ(P<0.05),the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group,NK4A214_group and Chris-tensenellaceae_R_7_group in rumen of experiment groupⅢwere significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05),and the rumen Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group relative abundance of experiment groupⅡwas sig-nificantly higher than that of control group and experiment groupⅢ(P<0.05).4)The relative abundance of bacterial genera was significantly positively correlated with apparent digestibility of NDF(P=0.034,r=0.250)and ADF(P=0.040,r=0.225),the Shannon index was significantly positively correlated with appar-ent digestibility of NDF(P=0.003,r=0.487)and ADF(P=0.01,r=0.347),and the Simpson index was significantly positively correlated with apparent digestibility of NDF(P=0.001,r=0.582)and ADF(P=0.001,r=0.582).The Quinella relative abundance was significantly negatively correlated with apparent di-gestibility of NDF,GE and crude protein(CP)(P<0.05).In summary,dietary supplemented with garlic skin can enhance the relative abundance and diversity of rumen microbiota,and improve the apparent digestibility of energy and crude fiber of Fuqing goats through the regulation of specific bacterial groups,thereby improving the rumen fermentation parameters,and the key bacterial genera are Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group and Quinella.