发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化指标和菌群多样性的影响

Effects of Replacing Algal Powder with Fermented Algal Powder on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Antioxidant Indexes and Microbial Diversity of Apostichopus japonicus

本试验旨在研究发酵藻粉替代藻粉对刺参生长性能以及肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化指标和菌群多样性的影响。选取健康、均重为(68.10±1.45)g的刺参480头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复40头。对照组刺参饲喂基础饲料,3个替代组使用发酵藻粉分别替代基础饲料中10%、20%和30%的藻粉进行养殖,养殖周期为40 d。养殖试验结束后取样分析生长性能、体成分以及肠道消化酶活性、抗氧化指标和菌群多样性。结果显示:随着发酵藻粉替代量的增加,刺参的增重率、特定生长率及全参粗蛋白质含量先升后降,在替代量为10%时达到最高且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各替代组刺参的全参粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),10%和20%替代组全参粗灰分含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。肠道淀粉酶活性随着发酵藻粉替代量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在替代量为10%时最高且显著高于对照组和30%替代组(P<0.05);发酵藻粉替代藻粉后刺参肠道蛋白酶活性有所增高,但各组之间无显著差异(P>0.05);肠道总抗氧化能力随着发酵藻粉替代量的增加呈现先升高后平稳趋势,在替代量为10%时最高且显著高于对照组(P<0.05);虽然各替代组肠道过氧化氢酶活性较对照组有所升高,但差异均未达显著水平(P>0.05)。肠道绒毛高度随着发酵藻粉替代量的增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在10%替代组达到最高,显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。此外,发酵藻粉替代10%藻粉增加了肠道菌群的Ace指数、Chao指数及Sobs指数,厚壁菌门、变形菌门和蓝藻细菌门共同成为优势菌。上述结果表明,适量(10%)的发酵藻粉可通过丰富肠道菌群多样性提升肠道消化功能及抗氧化能力,进而促进刺参的生长及蛋白质沉积。

This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing algal powder with fermented algal powder on growth performance,intestinal digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant indexes and microbial diversity of Apos-tichopus japonicus.A total of 480 healthy Apostichopus japonicus with average weight of(68.10±1.45)g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 40 sea cucumber per replicate.Aposticho-pus japonicus in control group were fed a basal diet,and those in three replacement groups were cultured with fermenting algae powder instead of 10%,20%and 30%algae powder of the basal diet,respectively.The cul-ture cycle was 40 days.After the end of culture experiment,samples were taken to analyze growth perform-ance,body composition,intestinal digestive enzyme activities,antioxidant indexes and microbial diversity.The results showed that with the increase of the replacement amount of fermented algae powder,the weight gain rate,specific growth rate and body crude protein content of Apostichopus japonicus firstly increased and then decreased,and reached the highest when the replacement amount was 10%,which was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The body crude lipid content of Apostichopus japonicus in all replace-ment groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the body crude ash content of Apostichopus japonicus in 10%and 20%replacement groups was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Intestinal amylase activity increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of the re-placement amount of fermented algae powder,and reached the highest when the replacement amount was 10%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group and 30%replacement group(P<0.05).The activity of intestinal protease increased after the replacement of fermented algal powder,but there was no significant differences among groups(P>0.05).Intestinal total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)increased and then leveled off,the highest in the 10%replacement group and significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).Intestinal catalase(CAT)activity increased after the replacement of fermented algal powder,but there was no significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).The intestinal villus height showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,and the 10%replacement group reached the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other groups(P<0.05).The replacement of 10%algae powder by fermen-ted algae powder increased the Ace index,Chao index and Sobs index of intestinal flora,and Firmicutes,Pro-teobacteria and Cyanobacteria became the dominant bacteria.In conclusion,an appropriate amount(10%)of fermented algal powder can improve the intestinal digestive function and antioxidant ability by enriching intesti-nal microbial diversity,and then promote the growth and protein deposition of Apostichopus japonicus.