意大利蜜蜂蜂王浆营养调控中华蜜蜂蜂王的形态和卵巢蛋白质组

Nutritional Regulation of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola Royal Jelly on Morphology and Ovarian Proteome of Apis cerana cerana Queens

为探究意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola,简称意蜂)蜂王浆对中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana,简称中蜂)蜂王初生形态及卵巢蛋白表达差异的影响,本研究利用意蜂吐浆0(对照组)、12、24、36和48 h后的王台培育中蜂蜂王,测定中蜂蜂王的初生重和15个形态指标,并对意蜂吐浆24和48 h王台培育的中蜂蜂王卵巢组织进行蛋白质组学分析。结果显示:王台内蜂王浆重量和王台高度随意蜂吐浆时间的延长呈显著的线性增加(P<0.05);中蜂蜂王出房率随意蜂吐浆时间的延长而下降,意蜂吐浆36 h内移虫育王的中蜂蜂王出房率高于对照组(52.50%),48 h时出房率降至36.70%;中蜂蜂王初生重随意蜂吐浆时间的延长而上升,意蜂吐浆24和48 h时中蜂蜂王初生重分别达188.42和192.42 mg;相较对照组,意蜂吐浆48 h时中蜂蜂王前翅长、前翅宽、背板3宽、背板4宽、背板5宽、头长、头宽显著增加(P<0.05),而胫节长、股节长则显著减少(P<0.05)。意蜂吐浆24和48 h时中蜂蜂王卵巢蛋白质组中分别筛选出31和20个差异表达蛋白,GO和KEGG分析表明这些差异表达蛋白主要富集在碳水化合物代谢、离子转运及不饱和脂肪酸代谢等。本研究揭示了意蜂蜂王浆具有增加中蜂蜂王初生重,优化其初生形态发育,并激发卵巢蛋白质组更高活性的潜在作用,这一发现可为意蜂蜂王浆在营养调控中蜂蜂王发育方面提供重要的理论支撑和参考依据。

This study aims to investigate the impact of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola royal jelly on the new-born morphology and ovarian protein expression difference of Apis cerana cerana queens.Apis mellifera ligusti-ca Spinola workers were induced to secrete royal jelly for 0(control),12,24,36 and 48 h before grafting A-pis cerana cerana larvae into queen cells.Subsequently,measurements were taken for emergency weight and 15 morphological indicators,and ovarian proteomics analysis was conducted on newly emerged Apis cerana cerana queens at 24 and 48 h.The results indicate that as the secretion time of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola workers increased,both royal jelly weight and queen cell height showed a significant linear increase(P<0.05);however,the emergence rate of Apis cerana cerana queens decreased:those reared with 36-hour Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola royal jelly demonstrated a higher emergence rate than the control group(52.50%),which then dropped to 36.70%after 48 h.Moreover,the emergence weight of the Apis cerana cerana queens exhibited an upward trend as the secretion time of Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola workers increased,registe-ring 188.42 mg at 24 h and increasing to 192.42 mg at 48 h;the Apis cerana cerana queens’forewing length,forewing width,longitudinal diameter of tergites 3,4 and 5,head length,and head width were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the tibia length and femur length were significantly decreased compared with con-trol group(P<0.05).Proteomic analysis revealed 31 and 20 differential expressed proteins in the ovarian pro-teome of Apis cerana cerana queens under 24 and 48 h royal jelly secreted by Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola,respectively.Moreover,GO and KEGG analysis demonstrated that these differential expressed proteins were primarily enriched in processes related to carbohydrate metabolism,ion transport,unsaturated fatty acid metab-olism,and other active pathways.This research revealed that Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola royal jelly has the potential effect of promoting the increase of emergence weight of Apis cerana cerana queens,optimizing their initial morphological development,and stimulating the higher activity of ovarian proteome,which provides im-portant theoretical support and reference for Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola royal jelly in nutritional regulating the development of Apis cerana cerana queens.