马尔库塞非压抑性文明理论的逻辑考察

A Logical Examination of Marcuse’s Theory of Non-Repressive Civilization

马尔库塞从马克思的劳动异化理论的视角,重新解读并改造弗洛伊德的压抑性文明论,提出非压抑性文明理论。马尔库塞的非压抑性文明理论深刻揭示了发达工业资本主义社会极度压抑性的异化本质,探讨了在物质文明发达的条件下,通过人的爱欲解放,重建非压抑性社会文明的可能性。本文通过对该理论构想的逻辑考察认为,马尔库塞依据发达工业社会的(物质)成就作为非压抑性文明的可能性条件是不充分的;非压抑性的生活方式必然导致的物质文明的倒退与马克思主义的社会进步文明观是相悖的。

Herbert Marcuse,reinterpreting and transforming Sigmund Freud’s theory of repressive civilization from the perspective of Karl Marx’s theory of labor alienation,proposes the theory of non-repressive civilization.Marcuse’s theory profoundly reveals the highly repressive and alienating nature of advanced industrial capitalist societies.It also explores the possibility of reconstructing a non-repressive social civilization through the liberation of human eros under conditions of advanced material civilization.This paper,through a logical examination of this theoretical construct,argues that Marcuse’s reliance on the achievements of advanced industrial society as a condition for the possibility of a non-repressive civilization is insufficient;that a non-repressive lifestyle inevitably leads to a regression in the productivity of life,which contradicts the Marxist view of social progress and civilization.