贵州铜仁山地烟田杂草种群调查及群落特征分析

Weed population survey and their community characteristics in mountain tobacco fields of Tongren City,Guizhou Province

为了明确贵州铜仁山地烟田杂草种群分布与群落特征,采用五点取样法对铜仁烟田杂草进行了系统调查,并对杂草相对多度及物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,铜仁山地烟田杂草共有30科88种。其中,菊科杂草最多,有19种;其次是禾本科杂草14种,蓼科杂草6种,石竹科、唇形科、十字花科杂草各4种。相对多度大于10%的杂草有藜、狗尾草、马唐、水蓼、铁苋菜、牛膝菊和野艾蒿7种,为铜仁山地烟田优势杂草种群。根据Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数及Pielou指数分析,德江县烟田杂草群落的物种多样性及均匀度最高,杂草群落结构稳定性最好,沿河县烟田杂草物种优势度最高。可见,贵州铜仁不同生态烟区杂草种群存在较大差异,应根据各地杂草发生实际情况制定防治策略。

In order to determine the distribution of weed population and weed community characteristics in mountain tobacco fields in Tongren City,Guizhou Province,a systematic survey was conducted using the diagonal five-point sampling method,and the relative abundance and species diversity of weeds were analyzed.The results showed that there were 88 species of weeds belonging to 30 families in the mountain tobacco fields of Tongren.Among them,there were 19 species of Asteraceae weeds,14 species of Gramineae weeds,6 species of Polygonaceae weeds,4 species of Caryophyllaceae weeds,4 species of Labiatae weeds,and 4 species of Brassicaceae weeds.The relative abundances of Chenopodium album,Setaria viridis,Digitaria sanguinalis,Persicaria hydropiper,Acalypha australis,Galinsoga parviflora and Artemisia lavandulifolia were higher than 10%,and they were the dominant weed species in Tongren mountain tobacco fields.Based on the analyses of Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index,the species diversity and uniformity of weed communities in Dejiang County were the highest,and the stability of weed community structure was the best.Meanwhile,the dominance of weed communities in Yanhe County was the highest.In conclusion,there were great differences of weed populations in different ecological tobacco growing areas of Tongren region,and the control strategies should be formulated according to the occurrence of weeds in these different regions.