伊犁地区有机肥中重金属含量的检测及评价

Detection and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Content in Organic Fertilizer in Yili Region

抽取了在伊犁地区销售的生物有机肥、有机肥、有机水溶肥等3类共25批次的产品,测定了肥料中重金属元素砷、镉、铬、铅、汞的含量。结果表明:抽取的有机肥产品中5种重金属元素的含量均未超过国家标准《肥料中有毒有害物质的限量要求》(GB 38400—2019)中的限量要求,但铬的含量接近限量要求;主成分分析表明,铬、汞、铅、镉主要来自有机肥生产过程中添加的磷肥,饲料也是铅的重要来源之一;3类肥料中重金属单因子污染指数均低于1.0,内梅罗综合污染指数为0.57~0.78,处于非污染水平。加强对商品化肥品质的监管,引导肥料生产企业重视重金属的危害,有助于从源头降低土壤污染的风险。

A total of 25 batches of three types of products,including bio-organic fertilizers,organic fertilizers,and organic water-soluble fertilizers sold in the Yili region,are selected to determine the content of heavy metal elements arsenic,cadmium,chromium,lead,and mercury in the fertilizers.The results show that the content of five heavy metal elements in the tested organic fertilizer products are under the limit requirements in the national standard"Limitation Requirements of Toxic and Harmful Substance in Fertilizers"(GB 38400-2019),but the content of chromium is close to the limit requirements.Main component analysis shows that chromium,mercury,lead,and cadmium mainly come from phosphate fertilizers added during the production process of organic fertilizers,and feed is also an important source of lead.The single factor pollution index of heavy metals in the three types of fertilizers is all below 1.0,and the comprehensive pollution Nemerow Index is 0.57-0.78,which is at a non-polluting level.Strengthening the supervision of the quality of commercial fertilizers and guiding fertilizer production enterprises to pay attention to the hazards of heavy metals can help reduce the risk of soil pollution from the source.