可重排聚酰亚胺基碳纳米纤维的制备与电化学性能

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polyimide-based carbon nanofibers

为了开发具有可持续环境友好型超级电容器储能装置,本文以自制的9,9’-双[4-(4-硝基-3-羟基苯氧基)苯基]芴(BAHPPF)和均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)为单体,采用低温缩聚反应制备聚酰胺酸(PAA)溶液,再通过静电纺丝技术制备出PAA纳米纤维。之后,经热酰亚胺化、热重排以及碳化处理制得可重排聚酰亚胺基碳纳米纤维(RPICNFs)。采用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析、X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、氮吸附和电化学性能测试等手段研究PAA溶液质量分数和碳化温度对RPICNFs的微观结构和电化学性能的影响。实验结果表明,当PAA溶液质量分数为25%、碳化温度为800℃时,制备的RPICNF-800-25试样表现出611.06 m^(2)/g的比表面积和0.391 cm^(3)/g的孔体积。当电流密度为0.5 A/g时,RPICNF-800-25的比电容达到171.3 F/g,且在10 A/g时仍保持初始电容的70%,具有较好的倍率性能。

In order to develop a sustainable and environmentally friendly supercapacitor energy storage device,a kind of poly(amic acid)(PAA)solution is synthesized by low-temperature condensation reaction using self-made 9,9'-bis[4-(4-nitro-3-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]fluorene(BAHPPF)and phthalic anhydride(PMDA)as monomers,and the PAA nanofibers are prepared by electrospinning technology.Then,the rearrangeable polyimide-based carbon nanofibers(RPICNFs)are prepared by thermal imidization,thermal rearrangement,and carbonization treatment.The effects of PAA solution concentration and carbonization temperature on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of RPICNFs are studied by using infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,X-ray diffraction,Raman spectroscopy,nitrogen adsorption,and electrochemical performance testing.The experimental results show that when the mass fraction of PAA solution is 25%and the carbonization temperature is 800°C,the as-prepared RPICNF-800-25 sample exhibits a specific surface area of 611.06 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.391 cm^(3)/g.At a current density of 0.5 A/g,the specific capacitance of RPICNF-800-25 is 171.3 F/g,and it still maintains 70%of the initial capacitance at 10 A/g,demonstrating a good rate performance.