不同海拔梯度对巩留野果林树种多样性的影响

The Impact of Different Altitudinal Gradients on the Diversity of Wild Fruit Tree Species in Gongliu Forests

巩留野果林作为新疆野果林的重要组成部分,对维护当地生态平衡和保持生物多样性发挥着关键作用。以巩留野果林为研究对象,通过对巩留野果林44个样地进行调查,记录样方内出现的所有乔灌木的物种数量,采用α多样性、功能多样性等相关指数分析不同海拔梯度群落的多样性。结果表明:(1)随着海拔的增加,坡度、坡向、pH、草本盖度、土壤含水率、铵态氮质量分数、速效磷质量分数、有效钾质量分数表现出明显的波动趋势。除土壤含水率外,其余海拔之间的差异不显著。(2)巩留野果林在海拔1250~1650 m范围内出现了植被的演化。(3)在1250~1450 m时,α多样性、功能多样性表现出减少的趋势,然而群落的稳定性却较为稳定,在海拔1450 m时,α多样性指数最低,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener均匀度指数(J_(sw))和Simpson均匀度指数(J_(si))分别为0.6、0.3、0.48和0.48。(4)随着海拔的增加,在1450~1550 m时,α多样性、功能多样性表现出增加的趋势,而稳定性却呈现出减少的趋势,并在1550 m时稳定性降到最低。

Gongliu wild fruit forest,as an important part of Xinjiang’s wild fruit forests,plays a crucial role in maintaining local ecological balance and preserving biodiversity.This study focused on the Gongliu wild fruit forest,conducting surveys of 44 sample plots and recording the species diversity of all woody plants within the plots.αdiversity,functional diversity,and related indices were used to analyze the diversity of communities across different altitudinal gradients.The results showed:(1)With increasing altitude,slope,aspect,pH,herb coverage,soil moisture,ammonium nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium exhibited noticeable fluctuation trends.However,differences among altitudes were not significant except for soil moisture.(2)Vegetation evolution was observed in the altitude range of 1250-1650 m in the Gongliu wild fruit forest.(3)From 1250 to 1450 m,α diversity and functional diversity showed a decreasing trend,while community stability remained relatively consistent.At 1450 m,the α diversity index was the lowest,with Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,Shannon-Wiener evenness index,and Simpson evenness index being 0.6,0.3,0.48,and 0.48,respectively.(4)As altitude increased,α diversity and functional diversity showed an increasing trend from 1450-1550 m,while stability showed a decreasing trend.At 1550 m,stability reached its lowest point.