澳大利亚婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系的构建及对我国的启示

Australia′s Approach to Building the Family Support System forInfant-Toddler Childcare and Its Enlightenment on China

构建婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系是新时代实现“幼有所育”的重要途径。澳大利亚历经多年的改革探索,在婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系方面形成了以社区为平台、机构为依托的服务供给体系,涵盖机构设置、课程指导和质量评估的监督管理体系以及提供儿童保育补贴、儿童保育安全网、居家育儿福利的财政保障体系。澳大利亚的婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系从重视规模到关注质量,从多部门分管到专门机构监管,从关注弱势家庭到面向全体家庭,展现出兜底线、广覆盖、重质量、强监管的特色。有鉴于此,我国婴幼儿照护家庭支持体系的构建应以服务供给体系为基础,为婴幼儿家庭提供多样化的照护支持与指导;以监督管理体系为依托,促进婴幼儿照护家庭支持服务质量的持续提升;以财政支持体系为保障,推动婴幼儿照护家庭支持服务的长效发展。

In the new era,building the family support system for infant-toddler childcare is vital to materialize"a society which ensures people′s access to childcare".After years of reform and exploration,a multi-supply system with services from community and social organizations has been formed in Australia,which offers great support for families with their infant-toddler childcare.The system includes an oversight and management system covering institutional setup,curriculum guidance and quality assessment,and a financial input system that provides childcare subsidies,childcare safety networks,and home-based childcare benefits.The family support system for infant-toddler childcare in Australia features in its wide coverage with a base line,high quality development,and strong supervision,along with its development from focusing on scale to quality,from supervision of various departments to special agencies,and from disadvantaged families to all families.In view of this,the paper gives its suggestion that we should build China′s infant-toddler childcare family support system based on the services supply system,provide diversified care support and guidance for infant-toddler families;advance the continuous improvement of the services quality for infant-toddler childcare with qualified standards;and promote the long-term development of services for infant-toddler childcare family support with the guarantee of fiscal policies.