生态文明制度建设:理论阐释、演进趋势与路径选择

The Construction of Eco-civilization System:Theoretical Interpretation,Evolution Trend,and Path Selection

党的十八大报告提出“生态文明制度”概念。生态文明制度是一个制度体系,按照刚性强弱,可以分为强制性制度、激励性制度和引导性制度。不同的生态文明制度与不同主体的组合可以形成不同的制度矩阵。不同的生态文明制度具有替代性和互补性,据此可以进行优化选择。生态文明制度的演进存在规律性趋势:一是制度生成方式由“摸”到“谋”的演进趋势;二是刚柔相济程度由“低”到“高”的演进趋势;三是制度实施方式由“管”到“治”的演进趋势。针对生态文明制度建设中存在的“制度冲突”“制度拥挤”“逆向选择”“制度偏好”等问题,需要进一步完善生态文明制度体系,加强生态文明制度绩效评价和比较,注重生态文明制度的选择优化和耦合强化,将生态文明制度建设纳入党的巡视制度以加强监管。

The concept of eco-civilization system was first introduced in the keynote report during the opening ceremony of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.The eco-civilization system is an institutional system that can be divided into mandatory systems,incentivizing systems,and guiding systems,according to the strength of institutional rigidity Different eco-civilization systems,when combined with various actors,can form different institutional matrices.Different eco-civilization systems are substitutable and complementary,and can be optimized accordingly.Regularities exist in the evolution of eco-civilization systems:first,a shif from"groping"to"planning"in terms of institutional generation methods;second,a shift from"low"to"high"in the balance between rigidity and flexibility;and third,a shif from"management"to"govemance"in terms of institutional implementation methods.To address issues such as"institutional conflict","institutional congestion","adverse selection",and"institutional preference"in the construction of the eco-civilization system,it is necessary to further refine the eco-civilization system strengthen performance evaluation and comparison,focus on the optimal selection and coupling enhancement of systems,and incorporate eco-civilization system building into the CPC's inspection mechanism to strengthen supervision.