生物电阻抗法在肾病综合征患儿营养评估中的应用研究

Application of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in the Nutritional Assessment of Children with Nephrotic Syndrome.

目的探讨不同性别、年龄及营养状态的肾病综合征患儿人体成分的特点,为有效提高个体化临床治疗的准确性提供依据。方法选取2020年8月至2021年8月在我院儿童泌尿系统疾病中心进行人体成分分析的肾病综合征患儿257例,年龄3~17岁。所有研究对象均进行身高、体质量测量;应用多频生物电阻抗分析仪测量人体成分各指标;分析不同性别、年龄及营养状态与肾病综合征患儿人体成分之间的关系。结果男童组身高、体质量、BMI、FFM、TBW、BMR、蛋白质及无机盐均高于女童组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着年龄增加,患儿的各项人体成分均呈现上升的趋势,学龄前期患儿的PBF、TBW、BMR及蛋白质比较差异有统计学意义,学龄期患儿的BMI比较差异有统计学意义,且这3个年龄段之间的人体成分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着BMI增加,患儿的各项人体成分均呈现上升的趋势,超重组患儿的FFM、TBW、BMR、蛋白质及无机盐比较差异有统计学意义,肥胖组患儿的BMI比较差异有统计学意义,且这3种不同营养状态之间的人体成分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用生物电阻抗法检测肾病综合征患儿的人体成分,能快速了解患儿人体成分占比情况,能精准、有效、长期地监测患儿的营养状况,为肾病综合征患儿制定个体化的临床治疗方案。

Objective This study aims to investigate the characteristics of body composition in children with nephrotic syndrome across different genders,ages,and nutritional statuses,thereby providing a basis for enhancing the accuracy of individualized clinical treatments.Methods A total of 257 pediatric patients aged 3~17 years,diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome,were selected from August 2020 to August 2021 at the Pediatric Nephrology Department.Height and weight measurements were conducted for all subjects.Body composition parameters were measured using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer.The relationship between different genders,ages,nutritional statuses,and body composition in children with nephrotic syndrome was analyzed.Results Statistically significant differences were observed in height,weight,BMI,FFM,TBW,BMR,protein,and inorganic salts,with males exhibiting higher values than females(P<0.05).As age increased,all components of body composition showed an upward trend.There were statistically significant differences in PBF,TBW,BMR,and protein among in preschool children,while BMI differences were notable during school age.The differences in body composition across these age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).With an increase in BMI,all body composition components similarly demonstrated an upward trend.In the overweight group,significant gender differences were observed in FFM,TBW,BMR,protein,and inorganic salts,while in the obese group,BMI differences were significant.These differences across the three nutritional statuses were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The use of bioelectrical impedance analysis for assessing body composition in children with nephrotic syndrome facilitates a rapid understanding of body composition ratios,and provides a basis for accurate,effective,and long-term monitoring of their nutritional status,aiding in the development of individualized clinical treatment plans.