潜在器官捐献者家属拒绝器官捐献的影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors for Family Members of Potential Organ Donors to Refuse Organ Donation

目的分析潜在器官捐献者家属拒绝器官捐献的原因和对策。方法选取2023年1—12月中山市的260名潜在器官捐献者患者家属,按器官捐献成功与否分为对照组(n=45,成功捐献)与观察组(n=215,捐献不成功)。分析家属拒绝器官捐献的原因,探讨相应的解决方案。结果经单因素分析得出,2组患者家属学历、年收入、是否为医学专业毕业、有无接受过组织协调、有无接受过器官捐赠宣教、是否担忧自身权益、是否对机构不信任、有无宗教信仰比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经多因素分析得出,学历、年收入、是否为医学专业毕业、有无接受过组织协调、有无接受过器官捐赠宣教、是否担忧自身权益、是否对机构不信任是对潜在器官捐献者家属拒绝器官捐献的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论潜在器官捐献者家属对机构不信任、担忧自身权益无法得到保障、未接受器官捐赠宣教、低学历、年收入低、不是医学专业毕业生等因素均是造成家属拒绝器官捐献的主要原因。基于此,需强化器官捐献的宣传推广,以第三方做媒介增加患者家属信任度,增强器官捐赠宣教,告知家属其自身权益一定会得到保障,提高家属对器官捐献的认可度,降低潜在器官捐献者家属拒绝器官捐献的发生率。

Objective To analyze the reasons and countermeasures for the family members of potential organ donors to refuse organ donation.Methods A total of 260 potential family members of organ donors in Zhongshan City from January to December 2023 were selected and divided into a control group(n=45,successful donation)and an observation group(n=215,unsuccessful donation)based on the success or failure of organ donation.Analyze the reasons why family members refuse organ donation and explore corresponding solutions.Results Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in family members'education background,annual income,whether they graduated from medicine,whether they received organization and coordination,whether they received organ donation education,whether they worried about their own rights,whether they did not trust institutions,and whether they had religious beliefs(P<0.05).After multi-factor analysis,it was found that education background,annual income,whether they graduated from medicine,whether they received organization and coordination,whether they received organ donation education,whether they worried about their own rights,and whether they did not trust institutions were the influencing factors for family members of potential organ donors to refuse organ donation(P<0.05).Conclusion The main reasons for potential organ donors'families to refuse organ donation are their lack of trust in the institution,concerns about their own rights not being protected,failure to receive organ donation education,low education,low annual income,and not being medical graduates.Based on this,it is necessary to strengthen the promotion and publicity of organ donation,use third-party media to increase the trust of patients'families,enhance organ donation education,inform families that their own rights and interests will be guaranteed,increase their recognition of organ donation,and reduce the incidence of potential organ donor families refusing organ donation.