听障儿童早期配戴助听设备后语言康复效果研究进展

Research Progress on the Language Rehabilitation Outcomes of Early Hearing Aid Use in Hearing Impaired Children

本研究梳理助听器(HA)和人工耳蜗(CI)在听障儿童语言康复中的应用,探讨单侧与双侧设备的效果差异、早期干预的重要性、听力损失程度的影响等对语言康复结果的作用。通过文献回顾,分析2014年2月~2024年5月发表的国内外文献28篇。双侧设备在提升听障儿童语言能力方面优于单侧,尤其在复杂语言环境中表现突出;3岁前的早期干预能显著提高康复效果,3岁后的干预在家庭支持良好的情况下依然有效。不同程度听力损失影响康复结果,重度和极重度听力损失儿童需要长期的干预,轻度损失若未及时干预也可能导致语言发展滞后。未来研究应推动新兴技术与传统康复的融合,通过个性化、数据驱动的模式提升干预效果,优化家庭支持与政策保障,确保听障儿童获得平等的发展机会。

This review systematically examines the application of hearing aids(HA)and cochlear implants(CI)in the language rehabilitation of children with hearing impairments,focusing on the impact of differences between unilateral and bilateral devices,the importance of early intervention,and the influence of hearing loss severity on rehabilitation outcomes.A literature review was conducted,analyzing 28 studies published between 2014 and 2024,both domestically and internationally.Bilateral devices outperform unilateral ones in improving vocabulary and grammatical skills,especially in complex language environments.Early intervention before the age of three significantly enhances rehabilitation outcomes,though some studies indicate that interventions initiated after three years of age can still be effective with sufficient family support.The severity of hearing loss affects rehabilitation outcomes:children with severe and profound hearing loss require longer-term interventions,while mild hearing loss,if left unaddressed,can lead to developmental delays.Future research should promote the integration of emerging technologies with traditional rehabilitation methods,utilizing personalized,data-driven models to enhance intervention outcomes.Optimizing family support and policy frameworks is essential to ensure that all children with hearing impairments have equal opportunities for development.