公共卫生中若干问题的历史认知与哲学反思

Historical Cognition and Philosophical Reflection on Certain Issues in Public Health

对公共卫生中的部分认知理念或研究方法,如流行病学调查、统计方法、隔离、健康共同体等进行了历史的梳理,力求探寻其诞生的原因并分析其面临的问题与应对。认为在流行病学调查中应将定性观察与定量分析相结合,寻求最合适的调查方法;统计方法是力图在不确定因素中寻找确定规律,但所谓的确定也是相对而非绝对的;隔离虽有益于控制疫情,但仍需在自由与安全间作出平衡;而世界卫生组织能否在面对全球疫情时发挥作用,关键在于人们对于健康共同体的理念范围是否真正跳脱于一个国家的概念,而落脚于全人类。

In this paper,some cognitive concepts or research methods in public health,such as epidemiological investigation,statistical methods,quarantine,and health community,are reviewed.It aims to explore the origins of these concepts and analyze the challenges they face.It is suggested that qualitative observation and quantitative analysis should be combined in epidemiological investigation to find the most appropriate investigation method.The statistical method tries to find patterns within uncertainty,but such certainty is relative rather than absolute.Quarantine,while beneficial for controlling epidemics,still requires a balance between freedom and security;Whether the World Health Organization can play a role in the face of the global epidemic depends on whether people's understanding of the health community transcends national boundaries and focuses on humanity as a whole.