基于遥感技术的矿山煤火燃烧风险评价

Risk Assessment Evaluation of Coal Fire Combustion in Mines Based on Remote Sensing Techology

为了利用遥感技术研究矿山煤火燃烧风险与燃烧特征,以新疆五宫煤矿为研究区,利用国产高分6#卫星影像对五宫煤矿地面塌陷、煤岩裂隙等地质灾害进行解译,结合无人机热红外数据进行煤火燃烧评价因子的选取,采用层次分析法对评价因子进行权重赋值,使用空间分析、阈值分割方法进行煤火燃烧风险等级划分,结合实地调查,对火区成因、特征进行分析。结果表明:矿区存在5处煤火燃烧高风险区,其走向与含煤地层、井下开采走向一致。煤矿煤火燃烧特征有3种:露天开采引起的煤层燃烧,地质条件复杂,治理难度大;煤矸石堆热量积聚引起的煤火燃烧治理较容易,建议清除煤矸石后,做必要的防护措施;治理后煤层复燃引起的煤火燃烧,由于复燃原因复杂,建议进一步勘查再进行灭火治理。通过对矿山煤火风险性与燃烧类型进行研究,可以为矿山灭火治理和生态修复提供服务。

In order to use remote sensing technology to study the risk of coal fire combustion and combustion characteristics in mines,taking Xinjiang Wugong coal mine as the study area,the domestic Gaofen 6 satellite images were used to decipher the geological hazards such as ground subsidence and coal rock fissure in Wugong coal mine,combined with the thermal infrared data of the UAV for the selection of the evaluation factors of the coal fire combustion,and the hierarchical analysis method was used for the weight assignment of the evaluation factors,and the spatial analysis and the threshold segmentation method were used for the coal fire combustion risk level division,and combined with the field investigation to analyze the causes of the fire area,characteristics of the fire area are analyzed.The results show that there are five high risk areas of coal fire combustion in the mining area,and their directions are consistent with the coal-bearing strata and underground mining directions.There are three kinds of coal fire combustion characteristics in coal mines:coal seam combustion caused by open-pit mining,complex geological conditions,difficult to manage;coal fire combustion caused by heat accumulation of coal gangue heap is easier to manage,and it is recommended to clear the gangue and do the necessary protective measures;coal fire combustion caused by re-ignition of coal seams after the treatment,due to the complexity of reasons for re-ignition,and it is recommended to carry out further investigation in the fire-fighting management.Through the study of mine coal fire risk and combustion type,it can provide services for mine fire suppression management and ecological restoration.