海外研究的“区域”知识谱系及其变迁

The Genealogy of"Area"Knowledge in Overseas Studies and its Changes

“区域”(area)作为开展海外研究的关键概念,不仅形成了区域国别学研究的重要视点,还构成了包含研究对象、方法、视野和话语的知识谱系。追溯16世纪以来人类认识他者和书写世界的历程,“区域”知识谱系的结构与变迁可为中国区域国别研究的范式创新和话语构建提供支撑。“区域”知识谱系包括不同学科、时期和地区的研究者对世界多种“地理一社会”单位的区分、对“区域”实体的研究、对“区域”相关概念的辨析及以“区域研究”为代表的学科实践。其变迁是东方学、人类学、国际关系及区域研究等多重研究领域更迭创新的结果,经历从自在到自觉、二分到交融、单主体建构到多元主体共建的过程,表现出较强的语境性、交互性和系统性特征。当前,中国的区域国别学建设可围绕“区域”知识谱系所包含的“共同体”理念,推动概念整合及共识凝聚,注重经验调查及对话互鉴,在认知上纤解“区域”作为客观实体和研究对象之间的张力,在实践上驱动交叉学科建设与理论方法创新,在话语上实现知识生产开放与自主的互促。

As a key concept of overseas social studies,"area"not only forms an important perspective of regional and country studies,but also constitutes a knowledge genealogy that includes research objects,methods,perspectives and discourses.Tracing the course of human understanding of the other and presentation of the world since the 16^(th)century,the structure and evolution of the genealogy of"area"knowledge can provide support for the paradigm innovation and discourse construction of regional and countries studies in China.The genealogy of"area"knowledge includes the distinction of various""geo-social"units in the world by researchers of different disciplines,periods and regions,the study of"area"entities,the discrimination of related concepts of"area",and the discipline practice represented by"area studies".Its evolution is the result of changes and innovations in multiple research fields such as Orientalism,anthropology,international relations and area studies,which has gone through a process from spontaneity to self-awareness,from dichotomy to integration,and from single subject construction to multiple subjects co-construction,thus demonstrating significant contextual,interactive and systemic features.At present,the construction of regional and country studies in China can focus on the concept of"community"included in the genealogy of"area"knowledge,promote the conceptual integration and consensus cohesion,emphasize empirical investigation as well as dialogue and mutual learning,alleviate the tension between the"area"as an objective entity and as a research object in cognition,and drive interdisciplinary construction as well as theoretical and methodological innovation in practice,so as to realize the mutual promotion of openness and autonomy of knowledge production in discourse.