神话叙事影响下的犹太民族建构与国家想象

Jewish Nation-Building and National Imagination under the Influence of Mythological Narratives

记载于《希伯来圣经》中的神话叙事是“犹太人”民族身份与“以色列人”国家公民身份的根本起源。自犹太大流散时期开始,在关于“人一神一土地”三边关系的神话叙事中,“人一土地”关系被割裂开来;犹太人只能通过对古代历史记忆的再建构和不断重述来维系“人一神”关系,从而使其集体身份得以延续。因此,在犹太复国主义运动时期,民族建构的主要环节变成了回归“应许之地”,使“人一土地”的关系重新建立。在以色列民族国家建构过程中,犹太复国主义运动促进了这种关系的建立。以色列对犹太历史的叙事仍然与神话叙事保持着高度的一致性,这一民族特性也导致了以色列对“犹太属性”的过度强调,从而阻碍了巴以问题的公正解决。

The mythological narratives recorded in the Hebrew Bible are the fundamental origin of the national identity of the"Jews"and the national citizenship of the"Israelites".From the time of the Great Jewish Diaspora,the relationship between people and land in the mythological narration of the"people-God-land"trilateral relationship became severed,and the Jewish people can only maintain the"people-God"relationship by reconstructing and constantly retelling ancient historical memories so that their collective identity can be sustained.Therefore,during the Zionist Movement,the main link in the Jewish nation-building became the return to the"Promised Land"to reestablish the"people-land"relationship.In the process of building the nation-state of Israel,the Zionist Movement promoted the establishment of this relationship.Israels narrative of Jewish history still maintains a high degree of consistency with the mythological narratives,and this national characteristic also leads to Israel's excessive emphasis on"Jewish attribute",thus impeding a just solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.