平权法案司法理念对大学招生方式的影响--基于美国联邦最高法院经典判例的分析

The Impact of the Judicial Concept of the American Affirmative Action on the Way of Enrollment

美国大学招生中施行的平权法案关涉高等教育机会公平。半个多世纪以来,平权法案招生政策屡受挑战,诞生了一些经典判例。美国联邦最高法院的司法理念从补偿性正义转向多元化公平,通过睿智的裁决使得大学平权法案招生的形式、内容和程序逐渐精细化。司法力量成为促进招生方式变革的重要因素。大学在实践中深谙管理智慧,运用招生自主权的同时,遵从司法权力的调节结果,进而实现大学的迫切利益。

Affirmative action in American college admissions is closely linked to the pursuit of equality in higher education opportunities.Over the past half-century,affirmative action policies have faced numerous challenges,leading to the development of several landmark cases.The judicial philosophy of the U.S.Supreme Court has evolved from compensatory justice to a focus on diversified equity,refining the form,content,and procedures of affirmative action in university admissions through its insightful rulings.Judicial power has become a significant driver of reforms in admissions practices.Universities,in turn,adeptly navigate this landscape by balancing their autonomy in admissions with adherence to judicial rulings,thereby safeguarding their pressing interests.