基于投入品减量增效视角的长江经济带农业生产绿色化演进研究

Evolution of agricultural green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt based on the perspective of reducing chemical products input and increasing output

绿色化转型是农业可持续发展研究的重要议题。以农业生产绿色化转型过程的理论分析为基础,运用文献调查、访谈与问卷调查、脱钩分析相结合的方法,研究了长江经济带农业生产绿色化转型过程和投入品减量增效的趋势。结果表明:2015年以来长江经济带各省(直辖市)连续发布农业绿色发展政策,引导农户施用替代性肥料、开展绿色防控和农业废弃物资源化利用实践,推动化肥农药等投入品的减量化。总体上长江经济带先于其他地区五年左右实现化肥农药使用零增长和减量化,但2020年化肥农药使用强度仍旧是国际平均水平的两倍以上。受复种指数和产出密度的影响,长江下游化肥农药使用强度远高于上游地区,在农业技术创新支持下,产出密度和复种指数与化肥农药使用强度逐步脱钩,但农业生产绿色化转型的持续推进还将面临装备、设施、人力资本投入“飙升”等挑战。

The green transformation in agricultural production is an important research topic in the field of agricultural sustainable development.Based on the concept of agricultural green development and theoretical analysis in terms of the transformation path,this paper aims to examine the major processes of the agricultural green development practices and assess the effects in reducing chemical products input and increasing agricultural output within the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)in the past 20 years in combination of the methods of literature investigation,semi-structural interviews,questionnaire analysis and decoupling analysis.The results show that since 2015 the provincial-level regions within the YREB issued a set of policies related to the agricultural green development actions,which encouraged the farmers to replace the traditional chemical fertilizer with alternative and organic fertilizer,prevent and control the devastations caused by the diseases,insects and herbs with ecological measures,and reuse the agricultural residues in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizer and pesticides and herbicides in agricultural production.Compared to the other regions in China,the YREB has a five-year lead in terms of achieving the great aims of zero growth and reduction of pesticide and chemical fertilizer use in agricultural production.Nevertheless,the current chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity in the YREB is still more than two times the international average level.Although the chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity in the downstream areas of the Yangtze River is much higher than that in the upstream areas due to the differentiation in terms of multiple crop index and agricultural output density,the chemical fertilizer and pesticide usage intensity appears to gradually disconnect with the multiple crop index and agricultural output density because of the wide application of new technologies for agricultural green development.However,the ongoing agricultural green development agenda within the studu area still faces challenges,including the rising costs in upgrading the production technology and agricultural machinery and equipment and the severe difficulty in overcoming ageing issues and introducing or fostering young talents in agricultural sector.