从物理操控到“仪器操作-言辞实验-符号操作”整体结构--“暗知识”和科学实验可重复性危机背景下布里奇曼操作论正释

From Physical Manipulation to Overall Framework of“ Instrument Operation-Verbal Experiment-Symbol Operation”:A Correct Explanation of Bridgman's Operation Theory Under the Background of“Dark Knowledge”and the Replicability Crisis of Scientific Experiments

在机器学习“暗知识”和科学实验可重复性危机威胁科学真实可靠性的当下,有必要重读布里奇曼操作论并为之正名。布里奇曼有感于物理概念发生根本变化,在1920年代末提出概念操作特征和意义操作标准;在1930年代末将操作分析扩展到科学活动,包括纸笔操作、实验室操作和狭义言辞操作等三类操作,初步超越经验主义和唯理论;在1950年前后探究操作真实,其实验室仪器操作、数学和逻辑纸笔符号操作和言辞精神实验操作,大致勾勒出以人为主体的、连接经验与符号世界的、由可重复程序保障其可靠性的科学活动整体结构,为重建人和科学的真实性铺垫较可靠基础。

At the moment when the"dark knowledge"of machine learning and the replicability crisis of scientific experiments threatens the authenticity and reliability of science,it is necessary to re read Bridgman's operation theory and correct its name.Bridgman felt the fundamental changes in physical concepts,and put forward the characteristics of concept operation and the standards of meaning operation in the late 1920s;In the late 1930s,operational analysis was extended to scientific activities,including paper and pencil operations,laboratory operations,and narrow verbal operations,initially surpassing empiricism and rationalism;Before and after 1950,he explored the truth of operation.The operation of laboratory instruments,mathematical and logical paper and pen symbols,and verbal and spiritual experiments roughly outlined the overall framework of scientific activities with human as the subject,connecting the world of experience and symbols,and ensuring its reliability by repeatable procedures,laying a more reliable foundation for rebuilding the authenticity of human and science.