20世纪50-70年代中国数论的研究方向

A Study on the Directions of Number Theory in China from the 1950s to the 1970s

20世纪50至70年代,解析数论是中国在诸多数学分支中取得最耀眼成就的领域之一,其中尤以对哥德巴赫猜想的研究成果最为突出。通过梳理档案发现,1953年华罗庚主持制定的中国科学院数学所数论研究计划的主要目标并不是解析数论,而是代数数论。在全国性的十二年远景规划中,则两者并重,而解析数论中优先发展的方向也没有哥德巴赫猜想。何以在实际的发展中,代数数论未能按照预期发展,哥德巴赫猜想的成果远超计划的预期?当初计划制定的重点发展方向是否不当?本文拟对这些问题做多方位的考察。

From the 1950s to the 1970s,analytic number theory was one of the few fields where Chinese mathematicians made the most important achievements,among which their contributions to Goldbach conjecture were the most prominent.The investigation of the archives shows that the main goal of number theory plan formulated by Hua Loo-keng in 1953 was not analytic number theory,but algebraic number theory:In the 12-Year Program for the Development of Science and Technology,both analytic number theory and algebraic number theory were emphasized;and Goldbach conjecture was not one of the priority directions in analytic number theory.Why did algebraic number theory fail to develop as expected in the actual development process,while the achievements on Goldbach conjecture far exceeded the expectations of the plans?Were the plans improperly formulated in the key directions?This article will give a multiple-perspective investigation on these issues.