20世纪法国科学史建制化的历史学起源(1900-1958)

The Historiographical Origins of the Institutionalization of the History of Science in France(1900-1958)

尽管法国的科学史与法国的哲学发展具有难以割舍的关系,但是在20世纪法国科学史建制化与国际化的过程中,历史学的作用是十分关键的。在力图改变历史学研究范式的“新史学”运动中,法国历史学者亨利·贝尔提出了“综合”思想,尝试将各种知识的历史统一起来。在这一过程中,不仅诞生了著名的“年鉴学派”,科学史学者与贝尔也展开了深入的合作。贝尔成立的国际综合中心在促进科学史发展上十分活跃,同时也推动在法国高等教育体系中建立科学史研究所。而费弗尔、柯瓦雷与贝尔的分歧则导致了1950年代“亚历山大·柯瓦雷”中心的建立。

Although the history of science in France is inextricably linked to the development of philosophy,the role of history is crucial in the process of the institutionalization and the internationalization of this discipline in the 20th century.In the new history movement,which sought to change the paradigm of historical research,the French historian Henri Berr proposed the“Synthèse”and attempted to unify the history of various kinds of knowledge.In this process,not only was the famous Annales School was born,but also scholars of the history of science and Henri Berr cooperated deeply.The Centre international de Synthèse founded by Henri Berr was very active in promoting the history of science,and it also promoted the establishment of institutes for the history of science in the French higher education system.The disagreement between Lucien Febvre,Alexandre Koyréand Henri Berr led to the creation of the Centre Alexandre-Koyré-CAK in the 1950s.