2021-2023年重庆市万州区媒介蚊虫病原学监测

Etiological surveillance of mosquito⁃borne pathogens in Wanzhou district of Chongqing from 2021 to 2023

目的掌握重庆市万州区媒介蚊虫病原携带情况,为蚊媒传染病防控提供科学依据。方法2021-2023年每年6-7月从居民生产生活区采集蚊虫,取同一蚊种20~30只为一组混合提取核酸样本,采用qRT⁃PCR方法检测登革病毒、黄热病毒、乙型脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒、寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和辛德毕斯病毒。结果2021-2023年重庆市万州区共检测中华按蚊、白纹伊蚊、三带喙库蚊和骚扰阿蚊4种媒介蚊虫16651只(601组),仅从三带喙库蚊和骚扰阿蚊中共检出乙型脑炎病毒16组,批阳性率为2.66%,最小感染率为0.96‰。2021-2023年每年均有乙型脑炎病毒检出,但不同年份乙型脑炎病毒批阳性率和最小感染率差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。此外,2021、2022年乙型脑炎病毒仅从三带喙库蚊中检出,而2023年仅从骚扰阿蚊中检出。结论重庆市万州区可能已形成乙型脑炎病毒自然疫源地,应加强媒介蚊虫控制和健康宣教以降低乙型脑炎及其他蚊媒传染病发生风险。

Objective To investigate the situation of mosquito⁃borne pathogens carried by mosquitoes in Wanzhou district of Chongqing,and provide reference for the prevention and control of mosquito⁃borne diseases.Methods From 2021 to 2023,mosquitoes were collected from residential and living areas from June to July every year,and a group of 20-30 mosquitoes of the same species were mixed as one pool to extract nucleic acid.The qRT⁃PCR method were used to detect dengue virus,yellow fever virus,Japanese encephalitis virus,West Nile virus,Zika virus,chikungunya virus and Sindbis virus.Results From 2021 to 2023,a total of 16651 mosquitoes(601 groups),including Anopheles sinensis,Aedes albopictus,Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Armigeres subalbatus,were collected for mosquito⁃borne pathogens detection in Wanzhou district of Chongqing.Sixteen groups of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Armigeres subalbatus were detected positive of Japanese encephalitis virus with batch positive rate of 2.66%and minimum infection rate of 0.96‰.From 2021 to 2023,Japanese encephalitis virus was detected every year,and there were no statistically significant differences in its batch positive rates and minimum infection rates among different years(all P>0.05).Moreover,in 2021 and 2022,Japanese encephalitis virus was only detected in Culex tritaeniorhynchus,while in 2023,it was only detected in Armigeres subalbatus.Conclusions Wanzhou district of Chongqing might have formed a natural focus of Japanese encephalitis virus.The control of mosquitoes and health education should be strengthened,so as to reduce the risk of Japanese encephalitis and other mosquito⁃borne diseases.